UNLABELLED Representations encoding the probabilities of auditory events do not directly support predictive processing. In contrast, information about the probability with which a given sound follows another (transitional probability) allows predictions of upcoming sounds. We tested whether behavioral and cortical auditory deviance detection (the latter indexed by the mismatch negativity event-...

Auditory deviance detection has been associated with a human auditory-evoked potential (AEP), the mismatch negativity, generated in the auditory cortex 100-200 ms from sound change onset. Yet, single-unit recordings in animals suggest much earlier (∼20-40 ms), and anatomically lower (i.e., thalamus and midbrain) deviance detection. In humans, recordings of the scalp middle-latency AEPs have con...

The current meta-analysis provides a comprehensive and updated review on integrity-testing findings across industries countries in the past 50 years (k = 150, N 67,016). Integrity tests were coded into types of overt tests, covert biodata, organizational measures, value/moral reasoning/situational judgment integrity-related cognitive ability novel measures. criterion measures workplace deviance...

Robert R. Holt has suggested that there are three principal types of nonconformity: criminal, psychotic, and creative (Janis et al. 1969). Each type of nonconformity can be distinguished by its social consequences; yet in some cases the three types of nonconformity can be interrelated. Holt cites, for example, Raskolnikov, the protagonist of Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment-a psychotic who com...

BACKGROUND The field has seen a renewed interest in exploring the theory of 'counterfeit deviance' for persons with intellectual disability who sexually offend. The term was first presented in 1991 by Hingsburger, Griffiths and Quinsey as a means to differentiate in clinical assessment a subgroup of persons with intellectual disability whose behaviours appeared like paraphilia but served a func...

The infrequent occurrence of a transient feature (deviance; e.g., frequency modulation, FM) in one of the regular occurring sinusoidal tones (standards) elicits the deviance related mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the event-related brain potential. Based on a memory-based comparison, MMN reflects the mismatch between the representations of incoming and standard sounds. The present study ...