Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, an acid-fast bacillus that causes enteritis in ruminants, has been suggested as an etiological agent of Crohn's disease in humans. The mode of transmission is unclear; however, some evidence suggests that humans may become infected via contaminated milk. Currently, it is not known whether commercial pasteurization effectively kills M. paratuberculosis in contamin...

*Corresponding Address: [email protected] The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in dairy cows in the Bhaktapur District of Nepal. A total of 200 milk samples were collected from 50 dairy cows. The California mastitis test (CMT) was carried out on quarter milk samples to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. California Mastitis Test (CMT)...

To determine the prevalence of bacterial mastitis in cattle, milk samples positive for California mastitistest (CMT) were cultured during a period of almost 4 years. The bacterial species isolated from 2904 milksamples studied were coagulase negative Staphylococcus sp. in 879 (30.27%) samples, Streptococcusagalactiae in 642 (22.11%), S. dysgalactiae in 332 (11.43%), E. coli in 295 (10.16%), Sta...

background brucellosis remains a major worldwide zoonosis. caprine brucellosis is a significant problem for both public health and animal production. brucella melitensis causes disease in goats, sheep, humans, and occasionally cattle. transmission is by ingestion or contact with infected materials, vaginal discharge, or milk. objectives the current study aimed to determine the rate of b. melite...

Four-hundred milk samples from half udders of 20 flocks of native breed goats were asepticallycollected. The samples were examined by California mastitis test (CMT). Twenty-one (5.25%) of 400 wereCMT-positive. The CMT-positive samples were then cultured and the following bacteria were isolated:Staphylococcus aureus in 3 (14.28%), CNS (coagulase-negative staphylococci) in 14 (66.66%), streptococ...

The expression of tissue-specific genes during mammary gland differentiation relies on the coincidence of two distinct signaling events: the continued engagement of beta1 integrins with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and a hormonal stimulus from prolactin (Prl). How the integrin and Prl receptor (PrlR) systems integrate to regulate milk protein gene synthesis is unknown. In this study, we ident...

Primary mammary epithelial cells provide a versatile system for the study of hormone and extracellular matrix (ECM) influences on tissue-specific gene expression. We have characterized the formation of alveolarlike morphogenesis and mammary-specific functional differentiation that occur when these cells are cultured on a reconstituted basement membrane (EHS). Cells cultured on EHS exhibit many ...

to determine the prevalence of bacterial mastitis in cattle, milk samples positive for california mastitistest (cmt) were cultured during a period of almost 4 years. the bacterial species isolated from 2904 milksamples studied were coagulase negative staphylococcus sp. in 879 (30.27%) samples, streptococcusagalactiae in 642 (22.11%), s. dysgalactiae in 332 (11.43%), e. coli in 295 (10.16%), sta...

The luminal and basal epithelial cells in the human mammary gland can be distinguished in tissue sections on the basis of the pattern of keratins they express. Moreover, the invasive cells in primary carcinomas show a keratin profile that corresponds to that of the dominant luminal cell (7, 8, 18, 19). When homogeneous populations of luminal epithelial cells from milk or from breast cancer meta...

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the causative agent for a wide variety of illnesses ranging from minor skin infections to life-threatening diseases. Development of antibiotic resistance by the bacteria has rendered many antibiotics ineffective. It has been known that plectasin-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs; NZ2114 and MP1102) are promising alternatives to antibiotics. However, their...