The immobilization of microorganisms on ultrafiltration membranes made from polyacrylonitrile modified chemically with hydrazine hydrate and glutaraldehyde and their application to the biodegradation of phenol and cyanide contained in industrial wastewaters was examined. Three types of microorganism isolated from a mixed population of activated sludge adapted to phenol and cyanide decomposition...

poly (vinylpyrrolidone)-grafted silica as an organic-inorganic hybrid material was used as an effective heterogeneous polymeric cosolvent catalyst in organic reactions. this modified silica catalyzed nucleophilic displacement of alkyl halides for easy preparation of alkyl thiocyanates, alkyl cyanides, alkyl azides and alkyl aryl ethers. furthermore, the catalyst was applied for the conversion o...

[reaction: see text] Synthesis of glycosyl cyanides was optimized with a new catalyst system. Reduction of tri-O-acetyl-beta-L-fucopyranosyl cyanide with Pd-hydrogen, in the presence of Ac(2)O and Boc(2)O, gave N-protected-mono- and -di-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-beta-L-fucopyranosylmethyl)-amines, which allow for the syntheses of small cluster oligosaccharide mimetics of fucopyranosylomethyl-substitu...

Eco-industrial processes require high reliability control and supervision methodologies, so as to achieve the best compromise possible between the process’ efficiency, safety and economy. Industries often focus on the two first objectives mainly, since they are unwilling to “experiment” not yet validated and/or complex control methodologies if safety and/or efficiency of the process may be jeop...