BACKGROUND Burn-induced inflammation leads to impaired immune responses resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. T-cells are central in the immune response and circulating CD4 and CD8 T-cells have been used to evaluate immune status; however, the role of these T-cell subsets in the burn wound is unknown. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a major 3rd degree scald burn or sham ...

Both antigen recognition and CD28 costimulation are required for the activation of naïve αβ T cells and their subsequent differentiation into cytokine-producing or cytotoxic effectors. Notably, this two-signal paradigm holds true for all αβ T cell subsets, regardless of whether they acquire their effector function in the periphery or the thymus. Because of contradictory results, however, it rem...

The first author conjectured certain relations for Morita-Mumford classes and Newton classes in the integral cohomology of mapping class groups (integral Riemann-Roch formulae). In this paper, the conjecture is verified for cyclic subgroups of mapping class groups.

In this paper, an initial condition of a sigma-delta modulator is estimated based on quantizer output bit streams and an input signal. The set of initial conditions that generate a stable trajectory is characterized. It is found that this set, as well as the set of initial conditions corresponding to the quantizer output bit streams, are convex. Also, it is found that the mapping from the set o...

For a new class of tendon-driven robotic systems that is generalized to include tensegrity structures, this paper focuses on a method to determine the tendon force inputs from a set of admissible, non-saturating inputs, that will move the rigidbody system from point A to point B along a prescribed path in minimum time. The approach utilizes the existence conditions and solution of a linear alge...

The idea of symmetry is a built-in feature the metric function. In this paper, we investigate existence and uniqueness fixed point certain contraction via orthogonal triangular ?-orbital admissible mapping in context complete Branciari spaces endowed with transitive binary relation. Our results generalize extend some pioneering literature. Furthermore, criteria solutions to fractional integro-d...

In the paper stochastic dynamical control systems described by nonlinear stationary ordinary differential state equations are considered. Using a generalized open mapping theorem, sufficient conditions for constrained local stochastic controllability in a given time interval are formulated and proved. It is generally assumed, that the values of admissible controls are in a convex and closed con...

Associative olfactory memory in Drosophila has two components called labile anesthesia-sensitive memory and consolidated anesthesia-resistant memory (ARM). Mushroom body (MB) is a brain region critical for the olfactory memory and comprised of 2000 neurons that can be classified into αβ, α'β', and γ neurons. Previously we demonstrated that two parallel pathways mediated ARM consolidation: the s...

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterised by accumulation of pathogenic bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, in periodontal pockets. The lack of effective treatments has emphasised in an intense search for alternative methods to prevent bacterial colonisation and disease progression. Bacteriocins are bacterially produced antimicrobial peptides gaining increa...