Actidione, an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseus, is highly active against a large number of yeasts but it has no marked antibacterial activity. Of 22 species of yeasts tested by Whiffen (1948), 9 were completely inhibited by 0.17 jig drug per ml; Saccharomyces cerevisae required 10 ,ug per ml and 5 species were not inhibited by 1000 ,ug per ml. There appears to be little in the litera...

The dearth of new antibiotics in the face of widespread antimicrobial resistance makes developing innovative strategies for discovering new antibiotics critical for the future management of infectious disease. Understanding the genetics and evolution of antibiotic producers will help guide the discovery and bioengineering of novel antibiotics. We discovered an isolate in Alaskan boreal forest s...

The reassociation of ribosomal subunits to form 80 S monomers is catalyzed by a rat liver cytosol fraction (G-25) and by the initiation factor MI (formerly called 40 S binding factor). Reassociation requires a template (we have generally used poly(U)) and either aminoacyl-tRNA or deacylated tRNA. Initiation factor-catalyzed formation of 40 S60 S couples can occur in two ways. The first pathway ...

A growing literature suggests taste stimuli commonly classified as "bitter" induce heterogeneous neural and perceptual responses. Here, the central processing of bitter stimuli was studied in mice with genetically controlled bitter taste profiles. Using these mice removed genetic heterogeneity as a factor influencing gustatory neural codes for bitter stimuli. Electrophysiological activity (spik...

When cycloheximide is added to (B12)-deficient cultures before or after replenishment of the cells with B12, reversion of these cells is inhibited. This inhibition is not caused by interference of the inhibitor in the uptake of B~2 as measured by division kinetics. Cycloheximide does not inhibit the initial increase in the rate of DNA synthesis caused by B~z replenishment, but within 30-45 rain...

Cycloheximide was found to inhibit rat and guinea pig liver mitochondrial respiration in State 3 and after uncoupling by carbonyl cyanide p trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, although no effect was observed during State 4 respiration. This inhibition was dependent upon the nature of the mitochondrial substrate since oxygen consumption, pyridine nucleotide oxidation, and ADP phosphorylation were i...

Stress tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was examined after exposure to heat and salt shock in the presence or absence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Cells heat-shocked (37 degrees C for 45 min) in the absence of cycloheximide demonstrated increased tolerance of heat, freezing and salt stress. For cells heat-shocked in the presence of cycloheximide, heat and salt toleranc...

The production of the antifungal agent cycloheximide by Streptomyces griseus is typical of many antibiotic fermentations. In the initial stage of the fermentation, cell growth is extensive, while little antibiotic is produced. After roughly 24 hours, the biomass concentration remains relatively constant and accumulation of product in the fermentation broth begins. It has been shown that product...

The dependence on lutropin of the synthesis of a proposed short-half-life protein regulator involved in Leydig-cell steroidogenesis was investigated. This was carried out by determining the effect of the protein-synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, added before and during incubations with lutropin (and/or dibutyryl cyclic AMP), on the rate of testosterone production in suspensions of purified Ley...

Inhibition of translation plays a role in apoptosis induced by a variety of stimuli, but the mechanism by which it promotes apoptosis has not been established. We have investigated the hypothesis that selective degradation of anti-apoptotic regulatory protein(s) is responsible for apoptosis resulting from translation inhibition. Induction of apoptosis by cycloheximide was detected within 2-4 h ...