Antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection includes treatment with both reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors, which markedly suppress viral replication and circulating HIV RNA levels. Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes in human liver, chiefly CYP3A4, play a pivotal role in protease inhibitor biotransformation, converting these agents to largely inact...

causes of emergency hospital admission in Japan, and it possibly results in life-threatening massive hemorrhage. Endoscopic clipping of the bleeding vessel is usually effective for treating gastrointestinal hemorrhage, but rebleeding occurs in 15 to 20% of patients. Higher intragastric pH promotes platelet aggregation, and the inhibition of gastric acid secretion to maintain neutral pH may stab...

Abstract Background This research aims to study the association of genetic polymorphism in genes coding for CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 phenytoin-induced dose-related toxicity assess if presence allele CYP2C9*3 plays a role idiosyncratic adverse effects. Current observational case control included 142 patients with drug reactions (ADRs) 100 controls. All these underwent genotyping determine type [CYP2C9...

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet prodrug that is recommended to reduce the risk of recurrent thrombosis in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is suggested to be a rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of 2-oxo-clopidogrel to active thiol metabolite with inconsistent results. Here, we sought to determine the associations of CYP2C19 and PON1 gene polymorphisms with clopid...

[I]N-Isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride ([I]IMP) is clinically used to evaluate blood flow in the brain on single photon emission-computed tomography. This is a rare radiopharmaceutical that undergoes metabolism. The first step is reported to be [I]p-iodoamphetamine formation. The drugmetabolizing enzyme(s) involved remain(s) unclear. This study examined the roles of human cytochrome P45...

[(123)I]N-Isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride ([(123)I]IMP) is clinically used to evaluate blood flow in the brain on single photon emission-computed tomography. This is a rare radiopharmaceutical that undergoes metabolism. The first step is reported to be [(123)I]p-iodoamphetamine formation. The drug-metabolizing enzyme(s) involved remain(s) unclear. This study examined the roles of huma...

In the Amazon, treatment for Plasmodium vivax is chloroquine plus primaquine. However, this regimen limited due to risk of acute hemolytic anemia in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Primaquine a prodrug that requires conversion by CYP2D6 enzyme be effective against malaria. A series cases were performed at an infectious diseases reference hospital Western Brazilian Amazon. The STAN...

Shenxiong glucose injection (SGI), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation, has been widely used for the treatment of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for many years. We assessed the potential influences of SGI on the activities of six CYP enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C11, CYP2C19, CYP2D4, CYP2E1, and CYP3A2) and on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin in rats. We compared plasm...

Beraprost sodium (BPS), a chemically stable and orally active prostacyclin analogue used for the treatment of chronic occlusive disease and primary pulmonary hypertension, was investigated in terms of its drug-drug interaction mediated by cytochrome P450. In a metabolic enzyme characterization study using P450-expressing insect cell microsomes, beraprost (BP) was slightly metabolized in the pre...