Urinary cytology is limited by high interobserver variability in the evaluation of cells with little atypia. We set up an online quiz on urinary cytology and tested the performance of 246 international participants. The quiz consisted of still images of 42 urinary specimens with equivocal morphologic features and 10 control cases with an unequivocal cytologic diagnosis. The nature of the cells ...

3D reconstructions allow cultural institutions such as museums and historic sites a tool to vividly illustrate the past while educating the public about competing interpretations of history and change over time. 3D technology also offers many practical benefits including low cost, flexibility, and the potential for collaboration. This paper presents potential applications of 3D reconstructions ...

Background and Aims: There is controversy on change of Prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels after some urological procedures such as cystoscopy. In this study, we evaluated the effect of cystoscopy on PSA levels in patients with urologic diseases. Methods: In a before-after study, 190 patients with urologic diseases such as relapsing urinary tract infection (UTI), urinary incontinency, hematu...

For the patients who visit outpatient clinics due to asymptomatic microscopic hematuria, cystoscopy has been looked upon as rather invasive compared to other diagnostic methods. We tried to elucidate the actual diagnostic value of cystoscopy in the initial evaluation of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. We reviewed the results of cystoscopic examinations in 213 patients who visited our hospit...

Several single-center studies have investigated whether narrow-band imaging (NBI) cystoscopy is more effective in detecting primary and recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) compared with white-light imaging (WLI) cystoscopy. In this study, we further evaluated the diagnostic value of NBI cystoscopy compared with WLI cystoscopy for primary NMIBC in a multi-center study. Suspected...

PURPOSE To examine the value of surveillance urethro-cystoscopy in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in regard to the conflicting literature as it is generally agreed that patients with NLUTD are at increased risk for bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study, a consecutive series of 129 patients (50 females, 79 males, mean age 51, range 1...

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the various applications of CT-virtual endoscopy, for the assessment of urinary tract abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-three patients were evaluated by CT-virtual endoscopy (49 CT-cystoscopy; 14 CT-pyeloureteroscopy). CT-cystoscopy was obtained for follow-up of bladder tumor (n=21), radiologic suspicion (n=12) or radiologic evidence of urinary tract lesion (...

OBJECTIVES 1) To determine whether fluorescence cystoscopy after intravesical administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is more sensitive in detection of dysplasia and bladder cancer when compared with conventional cystoscopy. 2) To determine the safety of using 5-ALA. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 3% 5-ALA solution was instilled intravesically before cystoscopy in 41 patients. The 5-ALA-indu...

For patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, cystoscopy and transurethral resection/vaporization of the bladder tumor plays an integral role in the treatment of a given patient's bladder cancer. Although considered the current gold standard for tumor detection, traditional or white light cystoscopy has been shown to have its limitations visualizing both small papillary tumors and/or ca...

PURPOSE We assessed the impact that improved detection of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer with hexaminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy may have on early recurrence rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective, randomized study enrolled 814 patients suspected of having bladder cancer at increased risk for recurrence. All patients underwent white light cystoscopy and mapping of lesions, f...