The dilated axon endings of the sinus glands of the brachyuran crab, Gecarcinus lateralis, are filled with homogeneously dense granules, each granule being bounded by a delicate membrane. The granules are of two orders of magnitude: 0.05 to 0.1 micro and 0.15 to 0.2 micro in diameter. Each axon ending contains granules of a nearly uniform size. Endings with granules of the larger size range pre...

RNA localization pathways direct numerous mRNAs to distinct subcellular regions and affect many physiological processes. In one such pathway the tumor-suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) targets RNAs to cell protrusions, forming APC-containing ribonucleoprotein complexes (APC-RNPs). Here, we show that APC-RNPs associate with the RNA-binding protein Fus/TLS (fused in sarcoma/tran...

Transport and translation of mRNA are tightly coupled to ensure strict temporal and spatial expression of nascent proteins. Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) has been shown to be involved in translational regulation and is found in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules that travel along dendrites of neurons. In this study, GFP-tagged Drosophila homologue of FMRP (dFMR) was used to visualiz...

Adult Syrian hamsters were given a subcutaneous injection of reserpine 3 days before an intraperitoneal injection of (3)H-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine or (3)H-5, hydroxytryptophan and the carotid bodies were subsequently prepared for electron microscopic radioautography. Other Syrian hamsters were given a subcutaneous injection of reserpine and the carotid bodies were subjected to a sensitive cyt...

Secretory cells undergoing release and recovery events related to constitutive and/or stimulus-initiated secretion might be expected to undergo distinctive changes in morphology as well. We studied the release and recovery events of human mast cell secretion stimulated by antibody to immunoglobulin E. We used enzymatically digested mast cells from human lung specimens further purified by counte...

Major signaling cascades have been shown to play a role in the regulation of intracellular organelle transport . Aggregation and dispersion of pigment granules in melanophores are regulated by the second messenger cAMP through the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway ; however, the exact mechanisms of this regulation are poorly understood. To study the role of signaling molecules in the reg...

Abstract Mutations in the fused-in-sarcoma (FUS) gene have been linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS). FUS aggregates cytosol and associates with stress granules (SGs) pathological cases, whereas is normally found nucleus. However, little known about how mutations cause neurodegeneration ALS, which distinguished by FUS-positive inclusion granules. In this study, we investigate...

The current rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) in various commercial and non-commercial sectors has led to the deposition of large-scale IoT data, of which the time-critical analytic and clustering of knowledge granules represent highly thought-provoking application possibilities. The objective of the present work is to inspect the structural analysis and clustering of complex knowledge g...

Previous electron microscopic observations on basophils and mas t cells revealed the cytoplasmic granules of these cells to contain several different types of structures, including fine particles, lamellae, and whorls (1, 2). In the course of observations on guinea pig mar row and h u m a n skin specimens which were fixed first in glutaraldehyde, we have noted a crystalloid s tructure in bo th ...

Processing bodies (PBs) and stress granules (SGs) are two highly conserved cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein foci that contain translationally repressed mRNAs together with proteins from the mRNA metabolism. Interestingly, they also share some common features with other granules, including the prokaryotic inclusion bodies. Although the function of PBs and SGs remains elusive, major advances have be...