BACKGROUND and Aims The four cultivated Erythroxylum taxa (E. coca var. coca, E. novogranatense var. novogranatense, E. coca var. ipadu and E. novogranatense var. truxillense) are indigenous to the Andean region of South America and have been cultivated for folk-medicine and, within the last century, for illicit cocaine production. The objective of this research was to assess the structure of g...

Members of the Plasmodium falciparum var gene family encode clonally variant adhesins, which play an important role in the pathogenicity of tropical malaria. Here we employ a selective panning protocol to generate isogenic P.falciparum populations with defined adhesive phenotypes for CD36, ICAM-1 and CSA, expressing single and distinct var gene variants. This technique has established the frame...

The one-seeded, serrate leaf margined junipers of Southwestern United States and northern Mexico consist of J. angosturana, J. californica, J. coahuilensis var. arizonica, J. c. var. coahuilensis, J. monosperma, J. pinchotii, J. occidentalis var. australis, J. o. var. occidentalis and J. osteosperma. Recent nrDNA and trnC-trnD sequence data were compared with RAPDs analysis and two of the taxa ...

AIM: This study was conducted to study the hepatoprotective property of Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br. roots. METHODS: Hepatoprotective properties of the methanol extract of the roots of H. indicus var. pubescens were evaluated on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity was induced in albino Wistar rats by the administration of paracetamol (1g/kg), p.o. for 7 days. Methanol extract of...

Some Angelica species are used for medicinal purposes. In particular, the roots of Angelica acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae, known as “Toki” and “Hokkai Toki”, respectively, are used as important medicinal materials in traditional Japanese medicine. However, since these varieties have recently outcrossed with each other, it is difficult to determine whether the Japanese...

Laccase is widely used in several industrial applications and co-culture is a common method for enhancing laccase production in submerged fermentation. In this study, the co-culture of four yeasts with Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae was found to enhance laccase production. An analysis of sterilization temperatures and extraction conditions revealed that the stimulatory compound in yeasts was te...

We propose a method for estimating VaR and related risk measures describing the tail of the conditional distribution of a heteroscedastic nancial return series. Our approach combines quasi maximum likelihood tting of GARCH models to estimate the current volatility and extreme value theory (EVT) for estimating the tail of the innovation distribution of the GARCH model. We use our method to estim...

Financial activities involve risk. Our stock or mutual fund holdings carry the risk of losing value due to market conditions. Even money invested in a bank carries a risk–that of the bank going bankrupt and never returning the money let alone some interest. While individuals generally just have to live with such risks, financial and other institutions can and very often must manage risk using s...

Event risk is the risk that a portfolio’s value can be affected by large jumps in market prices. Event risk is synonymous with “fat tails” or “jump risk”. Event risk is one component of “specific risk,” defined by bank supervisors as the component of market risk not driven by market-wide shocks. Standard Value-at-Risk (VaR) models used by banks to measure market risk do not do a good job of cap...

Plants of Juniperus communis L. var. communis, J. c. var. depressa Pursh, J. c. var. jackii Rehdr, J. c. var. saxatilis Pall. were sampled and SNPs from nrDNA were examined. Based on these data and previous data, a new variety of J. communis is recognized: Juniperus communis var. charlottensis R. P. Adams, var. nov. It occurs in muskeg bogs on Queen Charlotte Island, British Columbia and in the...