Proof. To prove Arrow’s theorem, we show that any social choice function satisfying monotonicity, nontriviality, and IIA is in fact a dictatorship function. We will do this by first proving the existence of a single voter who can decide the order between two candidates; then, we prove that this voter is in fact a dictator. First, we define sets that decide the outcome between two candidates. We...

We apply classical quartet techniques to the problem of phylogenetic decisiveness and find a value k such that all collections of at least k quartets are decisive. Moreover, we prove that this bound is optimal and give a lower-bound on the probability that a collection of quartets is decisive.

This article explores the observation that highly limiting, creative decisions of voluntary self-binding that radically prune the design solution space may in fact fuel and accelerate the process toward an innovative final design. To gain insight into this phenomenon, we propose the concept ‘decisive constraints’ based on a review of current, but dispersed, studies into creativity constraints. ...

This study gives an account of a teaching situation with 20 student's aged 14-15. The students have worked with a problem focussed on the greenhouse effect, based on a problem solving way of working. They have worked in groups and have had access to ICT, books, articles and a special resource page on the Internet. The purpose has been to account for the ways in which the students' knowledge dev...

With targets aligned in the midsagittal plane, six of seven subjects tested were often able to make smooth symmetrical convergence movements in which no detectable saccade occurred during the initial 300 msec of the eye movement (12-95% of their trials). With targets located in a plane parallel to, but appreciably to one side of the midsagittal plane, those same six subjects were also often abl...

Alterations of cellular bioenergetics are a common feature in most neurodegenerative disorders. However, there is a selective vulnerability of different brain regions, cell types, and even mitochondrial populations to these metabolic disturbances. Thus, the aim of our study was to establish and validate an in vivo metabolic imaging technique to screen for mitochondrial function on the subcellul...