Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: CPITN, communiy periodontal index treatment needs; PSR, periodontal screening & recording; hBD 1, human beta defensin 1; hBD2, human beta defensin 2; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; ABTS, 2’-azino-bis-3-et...

BACKGROUND All mucosal epithelia, including those of the tubotympanium, are secreting a variety of antimicrobial innate immune molecules (AIIMs). In our previous study, we showed the bactericidal/bacteriostatic functions of AIIMs against various otitis media pathogens. Among the AIIMs, human beta-defensin 2 is the most potent molecule and is inducible by exposure to inflammatory stimuli such as...

Mammalian alpha-defensins constitute a family of cysteine-rich, cationic antimicrobial peptides produced by phagocytes and intestinal Paneth cells, playing an important role in innate host defense. Following comprehensive computational searches, here we report the discovery of complete repertoires of the alpha-defensin gene family in the human, chimpanzee, rat, and mouse with new genes identifi...

beta-Defensins are cationic peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that may play a role in mucosal defenses of several organs. They have been isolated in several species, and in humans, two beta-defensins have been identified. Here, we report the identification of two genes encoding beta-defensin homologues in the rat. Partial cDNAs were found by searching the expressed-sequence-ta...

Patil, Amar A., Yibin Cai, Yongming Sang, Frank Blecha, and Guolong Zhang. Cross-species analysis of the mammalian -defensin gene family: presence of syntenic gene clusters and preferential expression in the male reproductive tract. Physiol Genomics 23: 5–17, 2005. First published July 20, 2005; 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00104.2005.—Mammalian -defensins are an important family of innate host defe...

Defensins are innate immune effector peptides expressed at mucosal surfaces throughout the human body and are potently antiviral in vitro The role of defensins in viral pathogenesis in vivo is poorly understood; however, recent studies have revealed that defensin-virus interactions in vivo are complicated and distinct from their proposed antiviral mechanisms in vitro These findings highlight th...

Defensin is a gene family with antimicrobial peptides and thought to be effector molecules in innate immunity. Defensins are cationic, cystein-rich antimicrobial peptide components of the mammalian innate system1. They are members of a supergene family consisting of αand β‚ subtypes, located in a cluster at chromosome 82. These two Regulation of Human Beta-Defensin 3(hBD-3) in Human Keratinocyt...

Antimicrobial peptides have been widely identified from amphibian skins except salamanders. A novel antimicrobial peptide (CFBD) was isolated and characterized from skin secretions of the salamander, Cynops fudingensis. The cDNA encoding CFBD precursor was cloned from the skin cDNA library of C. fudingensis. The precursor was composed of three domains: signal peptide of 17 residues, mature pept...

Background: Defensin peptide isolated from plants are often heterogeneous in length, sequence and structure, but they are mostly small, cationic and amphipathic. Plant defensins exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and etc. Plant defensins also play an important role in innate immunity, such as he...