21 Three levels of metabolizable protein supply (108, 98–95 and 85 g PDIE kg DM) (PDIE: protein digested in the small intestine when rumen-fermentable energy is limiting) in the diet and three levels of difference between rumen-degradable 21 energy and N (PDIE 2 PDIN 5 0, 10 and 20 g kg DM) (PDIN: protein digested in the small intestine when rumenfermentable nitrogen is limiting) were used in t...

We study the geometry of biopolymer networks and effects of the geometry on bulk mechanical properties. It is shown numerically that the physical network geometry can be quantified statistically and regenerated from its statistical description, so that the regenerated network exhibits the same network mechanics as the physical network in the elastic regime. A collagen-I biopolymer network is us...

nine multiparous lactating cows averaging 171 days in milk were divided according to days in milk and milk production into three 3×3 latin squares with three 3-week periods to investigate the effect of rumen degradable protein on milk urea nitrogen. diets were formulated to provide 3 concentrations of dietary rumen degradable protein (9.8, 10.8, and 11.8% of dry matter), while rumen undegradabl...

In aqueous environment, water-soluble polymers are effectively used to separate free metal ions from metal-polymer complexes. The feasibilities of four different analytical techniques, cadmium ion-selective electrode, dialysis sack, chelate disk cartridge, and ultrafiltration, in distinguishing biopolymer-bound and nonbound cadmium in aqueous samples were investigated. And two different biopoly...

Healing articular cartilage remains a significant clinical challenge because of its limited self-healing capacity. While delivery of autologous chondrocytes to cartilage defects has received growing interest, combining cell-based therapies with scaffolds that capture aspects of native tissue and promote cell-mediated remodeling could improve outcomes. Currently, scaffold-based therapies with en...

For a partially degradable (PD) channel, the channel output state can be used to simulate the degraded environment state. The quantum capacity of a PD channel has been proven to be additive. Here, we show that the private classical capacity of arbitrary dimensional PD channels is equal to the quantum capacity of the channel and also single-letterizes. We prove that higher rates of private class...

Three cannulated Tswana steers were used to investigate the rumen degradability of mopane worm (Imbrasia belina) by measuring the amount of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) disappearing at incubation periods up to 72 h. The effective degradability (ED) of DM and CP in the rumen was calculated at outflow rates of 0.03 / h (ED0.03) and 0.05 / h(ED0.05). Rumen degradable CP (RDP) was estimat...

Nine multiparous lactating cows averaging 171 days in milk were divided according to days in milk and milk production into three 3×3 Latin squares with three 3-week periods to investigate the effect of rumen degradable protein on milk urea nitrogen. Diets were formulated to provide 3 concentrations of dietary rumen degradable protein (9.8, 10.8, and 11.8% of dry matter), while rumen undegradabl...

microbial cells are producers of natural polymers present in plant cells. production of pullulan (an extracellular microbial polysaccharide) by aureobasidium pullularia pullulans (p. pullulans) was studied under fermentation conditions, and kinetic parameters were determined. pullulan formation obeyed a growth and non-growth associated term. phb (polyhydroxybutyrates) an intracellular biopolyme...