Larvae of the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica, routinely face periods of limited water availability in their natural environments on the Antarctic Peninsula. As a result, B. antarctica is one of the most dehydration-tolerant insects studied, surviving up to 70% loss of its body water. While previous studies have characterized the physiological effects of a single bout of dehydration, in nat...

Rice-starch based oral rehydration solution (ORS) has been shown to be a suitable alternative to glucose-based ORS in the treatment of both choleragenic and non-choleragenic dehydration in older infants and children. However, in young infants, the wider use of rice-starch ORS has been impeded because of theoretical concern about the poor digestibility of starch. The present study was conducted ...

We assessed risk factors for fetal death during cholera infection and effect of treatment changes on these deaths. Third trimester gestation, younger maternal age, severe dehydration, and vomiting were risk factors. Changes in treatment had limited effects on fetal death, highlighting the need for prevention and evidence-based treatment.

Acute diarrhea in infants and toddlers is frequent. Especially severe dehydration increases the risk of mortality in these children. In the therapy for uncomplicated diarrhea (dehydration no more than 9% of body weight loss) it is possible to use oral rehydration solutions (ORS). They are prepared easily, applied immediately, and the composition is also optimal for the body fluids of patients. ...

QUESTION Every year I see preschool children with gingivostomatitis. There seems to be quite a substantial burden of illness with this condition. Because it is caused by herpes simplex virus type 1, should I prescribe antiherpetic therapy with oral acyclovir? ANSWER While most children with primary gingivostomatitis will be asymptomatic, some will experience considerable pain and discomfort a...

It is known that crystalline amylopectin of starch plays a role of resistant starch. Although crystalline amylopectin of starchy food melts almost completely during its heat-processing, the melting may be prevented by a pre-dehydration treatment, because melting temperature of the crystalline amylopectin increases with a decrease in the water content of starch. In order to some insight into the...

Dehydration (body water deficit) is a physiologic state that can have profound implications for human health and performance. Unfortunately, dehydration can be difficult to assess, and there is no single, universal gold standard for decision making. In this article, we review the physiologic basis for understanding quantitative dehydration assessment. We highlight how phenomenologic interpretat...

BACKGROUND Compare the efficacy and safety of Plasma-Lyte A (PLA) versus 0.9 % sodium chloride (NaCl) intravenous (IV) fluid replacement in children with moderate to severe dehydration secondary to acute gastroenteritis (AGE). METHODS Prospective, randomized, double-blind study conducted at eight pediatric emergency departments (EDs) in the US and Canada (NCT#01234883). The primary outcome me...

Objective: To compare ringer’s lactate versus normal saline as a fluid replacement therapy among pediatric patients with acute severe diarrhea and dehydration. Study Setting: A quasi experimental study was undertaken at Paediatric medicine department, “Peoples university of medical health sciences for women Nawabshah during April to September 2021”. Material Methods: conducted. Randomly partici...

There is concern that feeding full-strength animal milk to infants aged less than 6 months with diarrhoea may have adverse consequences. We assessed the effects on clinical course of two feeding regimens in 159 Guatemalan and Brazilian infants aged 2 weeks to 6 months who had had acute diarrhoea for 120 h or less, showed signs of mild to moderate dehydration, and had no complications. After cor...