This study examines the capital-constrained payment scheduling problem related to software projects. An optimization model for the payment schedules of software projects is constructed from the joint perspective of the client and the contractor in software outsourcing projects. Then, a heuristic simulated annealing algorithm is designed to solve the model. Finally, a case study is presented to ...

A fair exchange of payments for goods and services is a barter where one of the parties cannot obtain the item desired without handing over the item he ooered. We introduce the concept of ripping digital coins to solve fairness problems in payment transactions. We demonstrate how to implement coin ripping for a recently proposed payment scheme 9, 8], giving a practical and transparent coin ripp...

A call center with both contract and non-contract customers was giving priority to the contract customers only in off-peak hours, precisely when having priority was least important. In this paper we investigate whether this is rational behavior on the part of the call center and what the implications are for customers. In particular, we show that under contracts on the percentile of delay, whic...

‎this paper proposes a multi-supplier multi-product inventory model in which the suppliers have unlimited production capacity, allow delayed payment, and offer either an all-unit or incremental discount. the retailer can delay payment until after they have sold all the units of the purchased product. the retailer’s warehouse is limited, but the surplus can be stored in a rented warehouse at a...

‎This paper proposes a multi-supplier multi-product inventory model in which the suppliers have unlimited production capacity, allow delayed payment, and offer either an all-unit or incremental discount. The retailer can delay payment until after they have sold all the units of the purchased product. The retailer’s warehouse is limited, but the surplus can be stored in a rented warehouse at a...

We establish the entry-deterring role of vertical contracts in a setting that does not rely on asymmetric information, the exclusivity of the incumbent’s contracts, limits on distribution channels, or restrictions on the ability to renegotiate contracts in case of entry. The optimal contract we describe is a three-part quantity discounting contract that involves the payment of an allowance to t...

Low- and middle-income countries are striving towards universal health coverage in a variety of ways. Achieving this goal requires the participation of both public and the private sector providers. The study sought to assess existing capacity for independent general practitioner contracting in primary care, the reasons for the low uptake of government national contract and the expectations of g...

Security services become crucial to many applications such as e-commerce payment protocols, electronic contract signing, and certified e-mail delivery with the phenomenal growth of the Internet. For these applications fair exchange must be assured. A fair protocol allows two members participating in a contract to exchange digital signatures over the Internet in a fair way, so that either each p...