www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 325 3 JULY 2009 5 COVER The Phoenix spacecraft on the martian polar plains (68°N latitude). The footpad at the bottom is about 1 meter below the spacecraft deck seen at the lower left. Overlaid images are trenches dug to either nearly pure water ice or ice-cemented soil. Analyses of samples taken from these trenches give clues to the history of the region. Results...

ABSTRACT Root resorption is characterized by the loss of cementum and / or dentin from tooth root as a result internal external odontoclastic action. This case reports premature cervical deciduous teeth in an 8-year-old boy. Large on mesial faces maxillary mandibular right left canines (teeth #53, #63, #73 #83), with asymptomatic pulp involvement, was detected during routine radiographic examin...

Cementum occupies a unique anatomical location where soft connective tissues of the periodontium are attached to root surfaces. Cell attachment properties of proteins present in cementum were studied. Human and bovine cementum were extracted with 0.5 mol/L CH3COOH followed by 4 mol/L guanidine, and proteins were separated by ion-exchange chromatography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Tooth root cementum is sensitive to modulation of inorganic pyrophosphate (PP(i)), an inhibitor of hydroxyapatite precipitation. Factors increasing PP(i) include progressive ankylosis protein (ANK) and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) while tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase hydrolyzes PP(i). Studies here aimed to define the role of ANK in root and ...

The formation of enamel, dentine and cementum involves the initial secretion of an organic matrix by ameloblasts, odontoblasts and cementoblasts respectively. This matrix is subsequently ‘loaded’ with mineral principally calcium hydroxyapatite (Ten Cate 1998). When peripheral cementum is still lying sub-gingivally (alveolar crown or gingival crown) (Mitchell 2004), it is nourished by the period...

Cementum and the incremental markings it contains have been widely studied as a means of ageing animals and retrieving information about diet and nutrition. The distribution of trace elements in great ape and fossil hominin cementum has not been studied previously. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) enables rapid scanning of large tissue areas with high resolution of elemental distributions....

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Modification of the root surface may play an important role in regenerating the periodontal attachment between the root and periodontal connective tissue. We speculated that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) application to the root surface constructed a novel attachment by cementum-like hard tissue, although gingival connective tissue proliferated to the root surface. Th...

This study aims to extract teeth and alveolar bone structures in CBCT images automatically, which is a key step image analysis the field of stomatology. In this study, semantic segmentation was used for automatic segmentation. Five marked classes were input U-net neural network training. Tooth hard tissue (including enamel, dentin, cementum), dental pulp cavity, cortical bone, cancellous other ...