Currently, there are no commercial systems available which provide the surgeon with a real three dimensional, stereoscopic overlay of the operating field in an operating microscope. In this paper we introduce a concept for a stereoscopic overlay of the operating field using the optics of the operating microscope. Preoperatively achieved data are inserted into the optics of the operating microsc...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of operating microscope in combination with ultrasonics increased the rate of second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal detection in permanent maxillary first molar teeth. A hundred extracted human maxillary first molars were assessed. After location of the main canals, the MB2 canal was sought in all teeth first without microscopy, then with the ai...

Complex anatomical variations on root canals morphology are one of the most arduous challenges in endodontic practice. The objective this case report is to discuss clinical management a mandibular left second premolar with four and distinct apical foramina. This has been written according Preferred Reporting Items for Case reports Endodontics (PRICE) 2020 guidelines. A 74-year-old patient was r...