nowadays, because of the economic circumstances of our society, on one hand many persons are eligible to borrow the qarz al’hasan loan and on the other hand there are not sufficient funds to for paying to the qarz al’hasan loan applicants. but the qarz al’hasan bank has been instituted to expand and promote the culture of qarz al’hasan and also to answer the poor’s financial needs in the societ...

To companies operating in an ever more globalised marketplace, fluctuating exchange rates and volatile interest rates represent two significant sources of risk. Derivative financial instruments such as options are increasingly used to protect against unwanted exposures, in a way like one would buy insurance to safeguard against adversity. It has long been understood that the dynamics of exchang...

The current transformation of the country’s economic system determines instability in terms and mechanisms agricultural sector financing. use new financial instruments enhances capacity national economy to generate investment resources. Financial such as bank lending, leasing services projects are now widely known used. Improving attractiveness its development potential can be achieved through ...

with regard to the islamic ban on usury, muslim governments and companies that intend to raise funds have to utilize financial instruments which, besides having economic and financial justification, need to be consistent with the principles and provisions of the jurisprudence. meanwhile, given the different motivations and interests of investors, diversity in financial instruments is a fundamen...

The current financial crisis: a brief reminder. As is well known, one of the main causes of the 2008 financial crisis is the fact that banks underestimated the risk of investing in high-risk mortgages. According to the news reports, this underestimation was caused by the banks “mixing” mortgages into complex financial instruments, which somehow lowered the estimated risks. The mixing means, cru...

The dynamic nature of competitive electricity markets means that participants often resort to some form derivative financial instrument. One such instrument is a contract-for-difference (CFD), usually available renewable generators in certain enable them hedge their price risk. Embracing CFD presents new risks as counterparty credit, margining, third-party, legal, and process risks. Derivative ...

Credit risk is the distribution of financial loss due to a broken financial agreement, for example failure to pay interest or principal on a loan or bond. It pervades virtually all financial transactions, and therefore plays a significant role in financial markets. A credit derivative is a security that allows investors to transfer credit risk to other investors who are willing to take it. By f...