Case Study: Ms. L was 56 years old when she was fi rst diagnosed with left breast cancer in 1998. During a routine examination, a 0.9 cm, hard, fi xed, nontender mass was palpated below her left nipple in the areola. Ms. L previously had refused to have a mammogram because of a history of “mastitis” and felt that the clinician was concerned needlessly; nevertheless, she was referred to a surger...

hepatitis b vaccination is safe and effective, although breakthrough infection occasionally occurs in those who receive the vaccine and hepatitis b immunoglobulin (hbig) prophylaxis. sequence variation in their antigenic regions is one of the most powerful strategies that are used by viruses to escape recognition by b and t cell-mediated immune responses. the aim of this study was to explore th...

OBJECTIVE It was to investigate visual field (VF) abnormalities in a group of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in the remission phase and the presence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions in the optic radiations. METHODS VF was assessed in 60 participants (age range 20-51 years): 35 relapsing-remitting MS patients [20 optic neuritis (+), 15 optic neuritis (-)] and 25 controls. MRI (3-T...

objective: consultation-liaison (cl) psychiatry interfaces between psychiatry and other medical disciplines to promote integrated care of patients. the purpose of this study is evaluation of attitudes and practice of mazandaran university of medical sciences physicians of teaching hospitals regarding cl psychiatry. methods:in this descriptive study, all of the general practitioners, specialist ...

Military pilots undergo rigorous selection compared with civilian professional because of different operational requirements. There are no studies military pilots’ subsequent civil aviation careers and fatal pilot accidents. This study focuses on Vietnam War (VW) accidents in the U.S from 1965 to 2018. In total nine met inclusion criteria described detail, including previous incidents. The VW w...

OBJECTIVES To elicit general practitioners' and practice nurses' accounts of changes in their clinical practice or practice organisation made to claim a pilot health promotion payment. To describe attitudes towards the piloted and previous health promotion payments. DESIGN Qualitative, semistructured interview study. SETTING 13 general practices in Leicester. PARTICIPANTS 18 general pract...

background : despite an increased need, residents of rural communities have decreased access to healthcare and often present unique healthcare challenges associated with their rurality. ensuring medical students receive adequate exposure to these issues is complicated by the urban location of most medical schools. health fairs (fairs) conducted in rural communities can provide students exposure...

Apologies are sources of problems in the process of Persian-English subtitling as they are performed with variant forms and functions in these two languages and cultures. ‘Ta’ārof apologies’-Persian apologies which are extended to show politeness-creates more serious obstacles for the subtitlers. These difficulties root in the culture-specific contexts in which they are used as well as the cult...