Eight young children who displayed destructive behavior maintained, at least in part, by negative reinforcement received long-term functional communication training (FCT). During FCT, the children completed a portion of a task and then touched a communication card attached to a microswitch to obtain brief breaks. Prior to and intermittently throughout FCT, extinction probes were conducted withi...

We used descriptive assessment information to generate hypotheses regarding the function of destructive behavior for 2 individuals who displayed near-zero rates of problem behavior during an experimental functional analysis using methods similar to Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, and Richman (1982/1994). The descriptive data suggested that destructive behavior occurred primarily when caregivers ...

Determining the compressive strength of concrete is important in all phases construction and diagnosing technical condition existing reinforced buildings facilities during their service. In this article, author presents experimental results from research conducted over 6 years. The following non-destructive methods were used tests—elastic rebound, ultrasonic, SonReb destructive methods, latter ...

Residual stress states in engineering structures are determined usually by measuring components of stress tensors with depth below the material surface. There are destructive and non-destructive methods to measure strain tensor components and convert them into stress tensor components by a variety of techniques derived from constitutive (material) equations. In this study, four methods for dete...

one of the challenges in non-destructive testing schemes using the ultrasound pulse-echo technique is to identify those defects whose sizes are less than or equal to the detection resolution that is dependent on the width of the ultrasound pulse. existing methods also require a reference specimen of the same defective material, which may not be available in some cases. we present a new method f...

The research on entrepreneurship as an economic phenomenon often assumes its desirability as a driver of economic development and growth. However, entrepreneurial talent can be allocated among productive, unproductive and destructive activities. This allocation has important implications in the developing world, particularly for countries hosting conflict or recovering from conflict. The alloca...