CONTEXT Pain has significant socioeconomic, health, and quality-of-life implications. Racial- and ethnic-based differences in the pain care experience have been described. Racial and ethnic minorities tend to be undertreated for pain when compared with non-Hispanic Whites. OBJECTIVES To provide health care providers, researchers, health care policy analysts, government officials, patients, an...

Strong social and legal norms in the United States discourage the overt expression of bias against ethnic and racial minorities, increasing the attributional ambiguity of Whites' positive behavior to ethnic minorities. Minorities who suspect that Whites' positive overtures toward minorities are motivated more by their fear of appearing racist than by egalitarian attitudes may regard positive fe...

OBJECTIVE To examine the possible effects of discrimination by sex and race on the career patterns of doctors up to six years after qualifying. DESIGN Postal questionnaire follow up survey. PARTICIPANTS 1572 Doctors who graduated from five British medical schools in 1981, 1983, and 1985, including 587 women and 131 doctors from ethnic minorities. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Reported success rat...

In the United States, active church membership among ethnic and racial minorities has been linked to higher political participation. In Europe, the influence of religious attendance on political mobilisation of ethnic minorities has so far been little explored, despite the heated public debate about the public role of religion and particularly Islam. This study uses the 2010 Ethnic Minority Bri...

This paper reviews Chineseand English-language literature on ethnic minorities and education in China. Six major research topics emerge from the Chinese-language research: (1) Marxism and ethnic minority education; (2) patriotism and national unity in education for ethnic minority students; (3) multicultural education; (4) determinants of ethnic differences in education; (5) school facilities a...

We propose a theoretical framework to study the determinants of ethnic and religious identity along two distinct motivational processes: cultural distinction and cultural conformity. Under cultural conformity, ethnic identity is reduced by neighborhood integration, which weakens group loyalties and prejudices. On the contrary, under cultural distinction, ethnic minorities are more motivated in ...

Introduction The Montane Mainland of Southeast Asia (MMSEA) covers about half of the total area of six countries, viz., Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (Figure 1) and is home to many ethnic minorities (Table 1). Ethnic minorities account for about 15% of total population of the region. Food security is a major concern of local communities as well as national governments. Sh...

Ethnic minorities in the West exhibit a higher prevalence of obesity and also under-achieve in weight management compared to White Caucasians. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (mean age ≥18 years, duration ≥6 months and published in the English language) was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of antiobesity drugs in ethnic minorities and White Caucasian...