measles is one of the most contagious human diseases. although mass vaccination programs have reduced the incidence of this disease, measles is still an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. therefore the use of sensitive techniques to evaluate vaccine efficacy and level of immunity among members of susceptible communities is crucial. serum neutraliz...

Qualitative representing and reasoning for road network moving objects is an important problem in spatio-temporal reasoning, but it is till open. We propose a new spatial algebra for road network moving objects based on Interval Algebra Theory. Renz has developed an algebra DIA to represent one dimensional moving objects by giving time interval a spatial interpretation. We extend DIA to road ne...

In this paper, we present a novel methodology on document image analysis (DIA) which harnesses the mechanism of preattentive visual guidance in human vision. Summarizing the psychophysical research on preattentive vision, we suggest using two types of computations to simulate this biological process: the visual similarity clustering and visual saliency detection. Based on the computational impl...

BACKGROUND The dried bulbs of Allium sativum (Garlic) and leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa (Banaba) are used as medicinal food for the treatment of diabetes and other ailments. AIM The present study was undertaken to ascertain whether the combination of both garlic and banaba extract produces synergistic therapeutic effect in diabetic state. METHODS In the in vitro studies, the effect of st...

Drug-induced agranulocytosis (DIA) is a potentially fatal disorder. Hematopoietic growth factors have been used in the treatment of DIA. We report nine cases of DIA treated with granulocyte macrophage - colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in a dose of 300 microg/day. All the patients had evidence of systemic infection. Mean time to reach an absolute neutrophil count of 0.5 x 10(9)/L was three da...

Deficient mucosal innate immunity is a hallmark of infectious diarrhea, such as Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)-induced gastroenteritis. Here, we report that oral administration of a 4,4'-diaponeurosporene-producing Bacillus subtilis (B.s-Dia) could improve mice mucosal immunity, as showed by an increased resistance against S. typhimurium infection. Intragastric administration of B.s-Di...

Our aim was to investigate the effects of the negative pressure reflex on mechanically opposing pharyngeal muscles during wakefulness, slow-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. In four goats with isolated upper airways, we measured tracheal airflow and electrical activity of the thyropharyngeus (TP; constricting), the stylopharyngeus (SP; dilating), and the diaphragm (Dia). In ...

Recent field efforts in the Mahajanga Basin of northwestern Madagascar have recovered a diverse Late Cretaceous terrestrial and freshwater vertebrate fauna, including a growing diversity of avialans. Previous work on associated bird skeletons resulted in the description of two named avialans (Rahonavis, Vorona). Other materials, including two synsacra and numerous appendicular elements, represe...

The previously-published physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for atrazine (ATZ), deisopropylatrazine (DIA), deethylatrazine (DEA), and diaminochlorotriazine (DACT), which collectively comprise the total chlorotriazines (TCT) as represented in this study, was modified to allow for scaling to humans. Changes included replacing the fixed dose-dependent oral uptake rates with a method that ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Ancillary cytologic tests including digital image analysis (DIA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have been developed to improve the sensitivity of routine cytology (RC) for the diagnosis of malignancy in pancreatobiliary strictures. The goal of this study was to retrospectively compare the performance of RC, DIA, and FISH on clinical brushing specimens. METHODS...