Facial aesthetic procedures are central to cosmetic dermatology. Success depends not only on improving individual structures but also on establishing facial harmony. Several canons of aesthetic dimensions have been described, and these concepts can provide a useful basis for procedural planning. Here, we review aesthetic facial measurements and proportions as well as the variations that may occ...

This paper is the sixth in a series of statistics articles recently published by Australian Critical Care. In this paper we explore the most commonly used statistical tests to compare groups of data at the nominal level of measurement. The chosen statistical tests are the chi-square test, chi-square test for goodness of fit, chi-square test for independence, Fisher's exact test, McNemar's test ...

This study investigated the processes that underlie estimates of relative frequency. Ss performed 4 tasks using the same stimuli (squares containing black and white dots); they judged "percentages" of white dots, "percentages" of black dots, "ratios" of black dots to white dots, and "differences" between the number of black and white dots. Results were consistent with the theory that Ss used th...

Objective: To determine the relationship between facial heights by evaluating the soft tissues and underlying skeleton and by analyzing vertical facial proportions in the anterior region. Methods: The study used 24 lateral cephalometric x-rays and 48 photographs of the face, 24 in profile view and 24 in front view, belonging to 24 Brazilian individuals, 7 men and 17 women whose ages ranged from...

In the last few years, technology has provided new instruments for the three-dimensional analysis of human facial morphology. Currently, quantitative assessments of dimensions, spatial positions and relative proportions of distinctive facial features can be obtained for both softand hard(skeletal and dental) tissues. New mathematical tools allow to fuse digital data obtained from various image ...

In the predecessor to this paper, three fundamental concepts of uniformity, information and structure were introduced, and general guidance given on each of them. In this paper, more practical advice is given, specifically in two areas: guidance on actual dimensions, proportions and layout; and guidance on implementing some of the ideas through the medium of the TEX language. Finally, some diff...

proportions proceeds differentially in the first or in the second and third dimensions. 1 Castle, W. E., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 10, 19-22 and 181-182 (1924). 2 Sumner, F. B., Ibid., 10, 178-180 (1924). Castle, W. E., Carnegie Inst. Pubi., No. 320 (1922). 'Cohen, J. I., Nature, 144 944 (1939). Cohen, J. I., J. Mental Science, 86, No. 362 (1940). 6 Pearl, R., Constitution and Health, London, Kega...