The factors regulating dinoflagellate life-cycle transitions are poorly understood. However, their identification is essential to unravel the causes promoting the outbreaks of harmful algal blooms (HABs) because these blooms are often associated with the formation and germination of sexual cysts. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge on the factors regulating planozygote-cyst transitions i...

New resting cyst production is crucial for the survival of many microbial eukaryotes including phytoplankton that cause harmful algal blooms. Production in situ has previously been estimated through sediment trap deployments, but here was instead assessed through estimation of the total number of planktonic cells and new resting cysts produced by a localized, inshore bloom of Alexandrium catene...

Palynology is the study of microfossils composed of highly resistant organic matter called palynomorphs. In the sediments of neritic environments, palynomorphs may include cysts of dinoflagellates, phycoma of prasinophytes, organic linings of benthic foraminifers and thecamoebians, in addition to inputs from the terrestrial vegetation (pollen grains and spores) or the freshwater biota (chloroco...

Temporal changes in the in situ germination flux of cysts and the abundance of vegetative cells of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella were investigated in Ago Bay, central Japan from July 2003 to December 2004. The in situ germination flux (cells m-2 day-1) was measured using 'plankton emergence trap/chambers (PET chambers)'. Germination of the cysts in the sediments occurred contin...

reasonably diverse and fairly preserved palynoflora, dominated by land-derived palynomorphs (miospores) in association with minor marine entities, such as dinoflagellate cysts, foraminiferal test linings, and acritarchs, occur in surface samples of the hojedk formation, at the eshkeli stratigraphic section, north of kerman. spores with radiosymmetrical symmetry (trilete spores), bisaccate and m...

the sarcheshmeh formation is a shaly sequence of lower cretaceous age (aptian) which is deposited in koppeh-dagh sedimentary basin and conformably overlies and underlies the tirgan and sanghaneh formations respectively in the toos well # 1. lithologically, this formation has a thickness of 177m and consists mainly of marl, shale and shaly limestone. palynological studies resulted in identificat...