Preoccupation with the threat of displacement has led crime prevention researchers to overlook the phenomenon of "diffusion of benefits," the unexpected reduction of crimes not directly targeted by the preventive action. This phenomenon, which can bring considerable added value to sltuatlonal measures, has been described as the "complete reverse" of displacement. Two processes underlying diffus...

How to protect the data that is processed and generated by the customers, is becoming the major concern in the present day situation. Various engineering, computing and optimization techniques are being used to solve this problem. The investigation has been performed for secure outsourcing of problem for the large-scale systems. In this paper, the essential terms involved in the cloud security ...

This paper develops a search model of the labor market in which uncertainty about job finding probabilities leads unemployed to become discouraged and exit the labor market. Negative updating after unsuccessful search implies that the beliefs of the unemployed about themselves, and consequently their subjective job finding probabilities, decline with unemployment duration. The assumptions about...

Some organisations appear to be more successful than others at adopting and implementing Knowledge Management (KM) systems. In this paper, the authors investigate why this situation may occur through a case study analysis of two organisations that have implemented KM systems. In the first case, the authors consider why one supposedly technologically literate organisation experienced problems im...

Many, if not most, commercially available diabetes treatment products are protected by some form of intellectual property. This article discusses the development and commercialization of products in view of the state of intellectual property for the diabetes treatment market, with respect to possible discouragement, for some, from seeking patent protection or commercializing a new product under...

The legal system is an expensive social institution, raising the question of whether the amount of litigation is socially appropriate. The thesis developed here is that it is not—because of fundamental differences between private and social incentives to use the legal system. These differences permeate litigation, affecting decisions about the bringing of suits, settlement versus trial, and tri...

India’s female employment and labour force participation have been declining since the mid-2000s. Kerala, traditionally its best-performing state on these indicators, has done worse than the country as a whole. This article examines the shifts that occurred in Kerala’s female employment and participation between 2004 and 2012, by household income level, age group, level of education and occupat...

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression in nursing staff working in Intensive Care Units of hospitals from a city in Northwestern São Paulo State - Brazil, examining its association with participants' socio-demographic characteristics. The Beck Depression Inventory was applied to a sample of 67 nursing workers from three general hospitals, showing an 28.4% prevalence of depres...

This note characterizes the optimal base for commodity taxation in the presence of administrative fixed costs varying across goods. For low tax rates, the optimal base only comprises commodities whose discouragement index is greater than the ratio of their administrative costs to the tax they yield. An illustration with UK data shows that a category of goods should be taxed only if the revenue ...