Facultative parthenogenesis (FP)-asexual reproduction by bisexual species-has been documented in a variety of multi-cellular organisms but only recently in snakes, varanid lizards, birds and sharks. Unlike the approximately 80 taxa of unisexual reptiles, amphibians and fishes that exist in nature, FP has yet to be documented in the wild. Based on captive documentation, it appears that FP is wid...

Current interest in nanomaterials is focused mostly on artificial materials fabricated for various applications. However, naturally occurring nanocrystal arrays, like those recently found in the meteorite that fell near Chelyabinsk in Russia on 15 February, 2013, can provide some new insights into the nature of nanomaterials, including the conditions for their natural occurrence. Here we report...

Gaussian scale-space is considered to be a modern bottom-up tool in computer vision. The Amer-ican and European vision community, however, is unaware of the fact that Gaussian scale-space has already been axiomatically derived in 1959 in a Japanese paper by Taizo Iijima. This result formed the starting point of an entire world of linear scale-space research in Japan ranging from various axiomat...

The department of internal medicine at the University of Strassburg in the 1880s was noted for its investigations into intestinal worms. Adolf Kussmaul, the director, asked two young assistants, Arnold Cahn and Paul Hepp, to treat patients with naphthalene as it had been used elsewhere as an internal antiseptic. The young doctors were disappointed with the initial results, but Hepp persevered w...

We report the discovery of three toxicologically relevant methylated phenylarsenical metabolites in the liver of chickens fed 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (ROX), a feed additive in poultry production that is still in use in several countries. Methyl-3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (methyl-ROX), methyl-3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (methyl-3-AHPAA), and methyl-3-acetamido-4-hydr...