in this study, a computational fluid dynamics (cfd) model was developed to evaluate ultraviolet disinfection applesauce reactor. to simulate uv reactors, three sets of equations, including hydrodynamics, radiation and species mass conservation were solved simultaneously. the realizable k-e turbulence model and the discrete ordinate method were used to find the uv radiation profile through the r...

soft-sphere discrete element method (dem) and navier-stokes equations were coupled with equations of energy for gas and solids to investigate the process of agglomeration in fluidized bed of polyethylene particles at high temperature. the newton’s second law of motion was adapted for translational and rotational motion of particles and agglomerates. the cohesive force for polyethylene particles...

Despite the great deal of progress during the recent years, face spoofing detection is still a focus of attention. In this paper, an effective, simple and time-saving countermeasure against video-based face spoofing attacks based on LBP (Local Binary Patterns) and multiscale DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) is proposed. Adopted as the low-level descriptors, LBP features are used to extract spati...

Clouds have a profound influence on radiative fluxes, for both solar and infrared radiation. Inhomogeneous clouds, in particular, have complex effects on fluxes and can be challenging to parameterize. Killen and Ellingson (1994) showed the importance of cloud geometry and spatial distribution on infrared fluxes, while Takara and Ellingson (1996) emphasized the necessity of modeling both cloud g...

We have studied the polarization characteristics of light scattered from randomly distributed spherical particles using the 4x4 Mueller matrix. The experimental system consists of a Helium-Neon laser, polarizers (vertical, horizontal, 45-degree linear, left-hand circular) and six analyzers (vertical, horizontal, 45-degree linear, 135-degree linear, right-hand circular, left-hand circular). If t...

We have developed and analyzed coupled atmosphere-ocean polarized radiative transfer equations (RTE) system having flat boundary conditions at the interface between the two media. The boundary conditions depend on both reflection and transmission [1]. A study for analytical expressions for exit radiative intensities at any optical depth in the two media have been carried out using new version o...

This paper presents a practical model for computing the subsurface BRDF of materials composed of a homogeneous semi-infinite layer and a thin painted layer on the top. Solution of light propagation inside a scattering/absorbing medium is expensive. We propose a fast and exact subsurface BRDF computation model using the Ambartsumian’s integral equation for the bottom layer and using invariant im...