Hybrid systems contain two distinct types of components, subsystems with continuous dynamics and subsystems with discrete dynamics that interact with each other. These systems typically contain variables or signals that take values from a continuous set and also variables that take values from a discrete, typically finite set. These continuous or discrete-valued variables depend on independent ...

Ant colony optimization algorithms (ACOs) have been basically introduced to discrete variable problems and applied to different research domains in several engineering fields. Meanwhile, abundant studies have been already involved to adapt different ant models to continuous search spaces. Assessments indicate competitive performance of ACOs on discrete or continuous domains. Therefore, as poten...

MSC.Nastran 2001 contains the ability to apply discrete variables in the optimization process. This was done in recognition that engineers are often required to deal with discrete variables in engineering design activities. MSC developed and implemented Design of Experiments (DOE) and Conservative Discrete Design (CDD) approaches to deal with discrete variables with limited computational cost. ...

We study Higher-Order Rewrite Systems (HRSs) which extend term rewriting to-terms. HRSs can describe computations over terms with bound variables. We show that rewriting with HRSs is closely related to undirected equational reasoning. We deene Pattern Rewrite Systems (PRSs) as a special case of HRSs and extend three connuence results from term rewriting to PRSs: the critical pair lemma by Knuth...

Based on introducing two optimization algorithms, group search optimization (GSO) algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, a new hybrid optimization algorithm which named particle swarm-group search optimization (PS-GSO) algorithm is presented and its application to optimal structural design is analyzed. The PS-GSO is used to investigate the spatial truss structures with discr...

today, there arevarious statistical models for the discrete simulation of the rainfall occurrence/non-occurrence with more emphasizing on long-term climatic statistics. nevertheless, the accuracy of such models or predictions should be improved in short timescale. in the present paper, it is assumed that the rainfall occurrence/non-occurrence sequences follow a two-layer hidden markov model (hm...