OBJECTIVE To compare health status and healthcare services use of rural, northern and urban Manitobans. METHOD Using anonymized administrative claims data derived from the Population Health Research Data Repository housed at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, four Manitoba regions were compared--Winnipeg, Brandon, Rural South and North--for 1996/97-2000/01. Indicators include mortality an...

There are two main types of security in database systems: discretionary security and mandatory security. Discretionary security restricts access to data items at the discretion of the owner. Most commercial database management systems (DBMS) employ some form of discretionary security by controlling access privileges and modes of data users (Griffiths & Wade, 1976). Discretionary security is not...

Which electorates receive targeted funding, and does targeted funding swing votes? To answer these questions, I analyze four discretionary programs funded by the Australian federal government during the 2001–2004 election cycle. Controlling for relevant demographic characteristics of the electorate, those electorates held by the governing coalition received a larger share of discretionary fundi...

Internal borders are a major but understudied site of crimmigration as most scholarship has focused on external borders (Van der Woude and Van Berlo, 2015). Internal borders were supposed to disappear under the principle of free movement within the European Union. But today we see EU member states policing the borders inside Schengen, checking identification, verifying passage, and regulating m...

n 1992, President Bush proposed legislation intended to speed up the recovery from the 1990-91 recession. Congress rejected this proposal for countercyclical fiscal policy stimulus. In early 1993 President Clinton proposed his own stimulus package, but Congress rejected this proposal too. Many reasons were given for deciding against these two discretionary fiscal policy proposals, but perhaps t...

This article contends that it is time to take a critical look at a series of binary categories which have dominated the scholarly and reform epistemologies of the sentencing decision process. These binaries are: rules versus discretion; reason versus emotion; offence versus offender; normative principles versus incoherence; aggravating versus mitigating factors; and aggregate/tariff consistency...

Food-based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) promote healthy dietary patterns. Nutrient-based Front-of-Pack Labelling (NBFOPL) schemes rate the 'healthiness' of individual foods. This study aimed to investigate whether the Australian Health Star Rating (HSR) system aligns with the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADGs). The Mintel Global New Products Database was searched for every new food product disp...

When participants allocated time across two tasks (in which they generated as many words as possible from a fixed set of letters) they made frequent switches. This allowed them to allocate more time to the more productive task (i.e. the set of letters from which more words could be generated), even though times between the last word and the switch decision (“giving-up times”) were higher in the...