A three-dimensional fully-coupled poroelastic displacement discontinuity method is developed and used to analyze the temporal variation of opening and slip of a natural fracture in a reservoir in response to the sudden application of fluid pressure in the fracture surfaces. Numerical results show that a hydraulic fracture opens in an increasing manner with time as the rock moves towards a drain...

A brief summary of the explicit versions of the GS4 algorithms and designs has been shown via the implicit counterparts. All explicit time integration schemes are second-order time accurate, and various common schemes are also included within the present frameworks. An i Integration Framework (Isochronous Integration Framework) is also described which employs the same framework for integrating ...

We present quantitative evidence that the mita introduced by Spanish crown in 1573 caused decimation of native-born male population. The mass baptisms after conquest Peru 1532 resulted assignation surnames for first time. argue past mortality displacement and out-migration were responsible differences observed non-mita districts today. Using a regression discontinuity data from Peruvian Elector...

Instead of ‘researching’ for perfected (yet rejected) solutions, IMAG-DLO stresses the need for a farmer participatory approach towards: local development of less perfect, yet accepted practical and low-cost technologies; based on simple and durable equipment designs suitable for local manufacture.

An extended isogeometric analysis (XIGA) approach is proposed for modeling fracturing in a fluid-saturated porous material. XIGA provides definition of the discontinuity independent underlying mesh layout, which obviates need knowing crack extension direction priori. Unlike Lagrange shape functions used standard finite element approach, non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) provide higher-orde...

The surrounding rock stability of an underground cavern group is important issue in the process excavation, which has characteristics large displacement, discontinuity and uneven deformation, so calculation analysis are very complicated. optimized discontinuous deformation for failure method was adopted to analyze a real engineering under different excavation schemes. cracking schemes, depth cr...