The development of sophisticated experimental means to control nanoscale systems has motivated efforts to design driving protocols that minimize the energy dissipated to the environment. Computational models are a crucial tool in this practical challenge. We describe a general method for sampling an ensemble of finite-time, nonequilibrium protocols biased toward a low average dissipation. We sh...

We provide a direct experimental test of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) in an aging colloidal glass. The use of combined active and passive microrheology allows us to independently measure both the correlation and response functions in this nonequilibrium situation. Contrary to previous reports, we find no deviations from the FDT over several decades in frequency (1 Hz-10 kHz) and fo...

The use of cylindrical rotor in synchronous machines offers excellent conditions for the heat dissipation from the stator and rotor windings. This paper describes the main ventilation arrangements for this type of construction as well as specifies the main factors that determine the choice of the most appropriate ventilation method for each application.

A modif ied ring oscillator presented in this paper. The voltage control oscillator is designed and simulated in 50nm CMOS technology. The frequency of oscillation of the VCO is 2.6GHz with 0.064 mW power dissipation and the center drain current of 64uA is us ed. Tuning range is of 72% and the jitter is of 39.8pS. Index Terms Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), power dissipation, jitter, tunin...

Particle simulations and analytic arguments are presented to demonstrate that the electron dissipation region, including the physics which breaks the frozen-in condition, does not affect the rate of reconnection in collisionless plasma. The result is a general consequence of the quadratic nature of the dispersion character of whistler waves, which control the plasma dynamics at small scales. Th...

The very close correspondence between the three types of thermally or shear driven fluid flows is elucidated. Expressions for the relevant currents of temperature, angular momentum, and axial velocity by transverse convective flow in the profile direction are derived from the Navier-Stokes equations. Also the dissipation rates of the advective flows are calculated. Exact relations between the r...

The theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics in the optimal control processes is established, by using the Pontryagin’s theory of optimal control and the Bellman’s theory of dynamic programming, for the first time. For this theory, we study the systems of nonlinear differential equations ̇⃗ x = f⃗ (x⃗, u⃗, t) of the state variables x⃗ under the condition that the control variables u⃗ be optimal. It is...

In this paper, we investigate the degree to which power dissipation induced by program execution can be measured by application-level software tools and predicted by a compiler and runtime system. Application control of the power it uses while executing on a processor is critical to battery-powered mobile devices that are an integral to any realization of ubiquitous computing. Our work investig...

Minimizing energy dissipation has emerged as the key challenge in continuing to scale the performance of digital computers. The question of whether there exists a fundamental lower limit to the energy required for digital operations is therefore of great interest. A well-known theoretical result put forward by Landauer states that any irreversible single-bit operation on a physical memory eleme...

The steel frame reinforced with steel shear wall is a lateral load resisting system and has higher strength and shear performance than the concrete shear wall system. Especially, using corrugated steel plates in these shear wall systems improves out-of-plane stiffness and flexibility in the deformation along the corrugation. In this paper, a cyclic loading test of this steel frame reinforced wi...