CONTEXT The acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome are critical illnesses associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Mechanical ventilation is the cornerstone of supportive therapy. However, despite several important advances, the optimal strategy for ventilation and adjunctive therapies for patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome is ...

OBJECTIVE Although all definitions of acute respiratory distress syndrome use some measure of hypoxemia, neither the Berlin definition nor recently proposed pediatric-specific definitions proposed by the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference utilizing oxygenation index specify which PaO2/FIO2 or oxygenation index best categorizes lung injury. We aimed to identify variables associated...

As in the adult with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome, the use of lung-protective ventilation has improved outcomes for neonatal lung diseases. Animal models of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia have provided evidence that 'gentle ventilation' with low tidal volumes and 'open-lung' strategies of using positive end-expiratory pres...

Polygraphic recordings were made on 10 preterm infants recovering from respiratory distress syndrome and 12 healthy preterm control infants at 40, 52, and 64 weeks' conceptual age to study the influence of respiratory distress syndrome on the development of the sleep apnoea profile. Two significant differences were found: infants with respiratory distress syndrome not only had a lower incidence...

Amniotic fluid phospholipids from 346 patients' specimens were quantified and evaluated against the clinical outcome (i.e., respiratory distress syndrome or normal respiratory function). Concentrations of lecithin, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylglycerol, and the lecithin/sphingomyelin reflectance ratio were evaluated by ordered frequency distribution and stepwise discriminant function analysis. Th...

OBJECTIVES To identify a novel, generalizable diagnostic for acute respiratory distress syndrome using whole-blood gene expression arrays from multiple acute respiratory distress syndrome cohorts of varying etiologies. DATA SOURCES We performed a systematic search for human whole-blood gene expression arrays of acute respiratory distress syndrome in National Institutes of Health Gene Expressi...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a disease of acute onset characterized by hypoxemia and infiltrates on chest radiographs that affects both adults and children of all ages. It is an important cause of respiratory failure in pediatric intensive care units and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, until recently, the definitions and diagnostic criteria for ac...