Marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation has proliferated in northwestern California since at least the mid-1990s. The environmental impacts associated with marijuana cultivation appear substantial, yet have been difficult to quantify, in part because cultivation is clandestine and often occurs on private property. To evaluate the impacts of water diversions at a watershed scale, we interpret...

Reservoirs are sometimes managed to meet agricultural and other water demands, while also maintaining streamflow for aquatic species ecosystems. In the Henrys Fork Snake River, Idaho (USA), irrigation-season management of a headwater reservoir is informed by flow target in reach ~95 km downstream. The place irrigation demand maintain habitat within 11.4 has undergone four assignments from 1978 ...

In June 1990, the Fall Creek area east of Enderby, B.C., experienced about 66 landslides. These landslides impacted forested slopes and forestry roads, destroyed several BC Hydro transmission towers, damaged and destroyed houses, and cut off highway access to the area, resulting in the evacuation of residents. These slides also destroyed a fi sh farm, several licensed water intakes, and impacte...

Urinary diversion is a detour of the urinary tract. It may be necessary in different scenarios and can either be continent or incontinent, catheterisable or orthotopic. Pathological situations which may demand a urinary diversion are varied and include anatomical, physiological, congenital and traumatic causes, e.g. urethral stenosis and partial or complete urethral disruption; bladder dysfunct...

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Occurrences of liver failure following jejunoileal bypass were extensively reported in the past and were one of the main factors that led to abandonment of this procedure. The newer predominantly malabsorptive procedures called biliopancreatic diversions (BPDs) have also been implicated in several cases of acute and subacute liver failure. The aim here was to review the c...

In the past decade, the fraction of emergency department visits related to mental illness has more than doubled. In order to receive effective treatment, mentally ill patients typically need to be transferred to a psychiatric bed. In 2010, the wait time for a psychiatric bed in California was estimated at over 10 hours. While waiting, patients do not receive adequate psychiatric treatment and l...