OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of the current level of development and results from the national HIV surveillance systems of the 23 countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), and to assess the quality of HIV surveillance systems in the period 2007-2011. METHODS A questionnaire was used to collect the information about the structure, activities and the results of HIV surveillance...

Though the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel ( Scomberomorus commerson ) is considered to be migratory, species nevertheless thought locally overexploited in northwest Indian Ocean. At regional level, this local depletion a major concern for food security. As population structure and connectivity between sub-populations are poorly understood species, we examined spatio-temporal dynamics of via ele...

The Covid-19 epidemic is an emerging infectious disease of the viral zoonosis type caused by coronavirus strain SARS-CoV-2, it classified as a human-to-human communicable and currently pandemic worldwide. In this paper, we propose conceptual mathematical models dynamics four compartments. We have collected data from Djibouti health ministry. study positivity, boundedness, existence uniqueness w...