Background: DNA vaccination with plasmid encoding bacterial, viral, and parasitic immunogens has been shown to be an attractive method to induce efficient immune responses. Bacteria of the genus Brucella are facultative intracellular pathogens for which new and efficient vaccines are needed. Methods: To evaluate the use of a DNA immunization strategy for protection against brucellosis, a pla...

How to cite this article Hu J, Bounds CE, Budgeon LR, Cladel NM, Balogh K and Christensen ND. DNA Vaccines Delivered By Microneedle and Tattoo Gun Induce Protective Immune Responses to Hla-A2.1 Restricted CRPV E1 and HPV16e7 Epitopes in HLA-A2.1 Transgenic Rabbits. SM Vaccine Vaccin. 2016; 2(1): 1017. OPEN ACCESS Gene gun delivery of DNA vaccines has proven to be effective for protective and th...

Parasitic diseases plague billions of people among the poorest, killing millions annually, and causing additional millions of disability-adjusted life years lost. Leishmaniases affect more than 12 million people, with over 350 million people at risk. There is an urgent need for efficacious and cheap vaccines and treatments against visceral leishmaniasis (VL), its most severe form. Several vacci...

OBJECTIVE To assess the health and economic outcomes of various screening and vaccination strategies for cervical cancer prevention. DESIGN Cost-effectiveness analysis from a societal perspective. SETTING Thailand. POPULATION Females aged 9 years and older. METHODS Using a mathematical model of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer, calibrated to epidemiological data ...

DNA vaccination is a disruptive technology that offers the promise of a new rapidly deployed vaccination platform to treat human and animal disease with gene-based materials. Innovations such as electroporation, needle free jet delivery and lipid-based carriers increase transgene expression and immunogenicity through more effective gene delivery. This review summarizes complementary vector desi...

Changes in influenza viruses require regular reformulation of strain-specific influenza vaccines. Vaccines based on conserved antigens provide broader protection. Influenza matrix protein 2 (M2) is highly conserved across influenza A subtypes. To evaluate its efficacy as a vaccine candidate, we vaccinated mice with M2 peptide of a widely shared consensus sequence. This vaccination induced antib...

A plasmid DNA vaccine, encoding a truncated form of human CEA fused to a T-helper epitope (CEA66 DNA) was delivered three times intradermally at 2 mg or intramuscularly at 8 mg by Biojector® to patients with colorectal cancer. Prior to the first vaccination, all patients received cyclophosphamide (300 mg/m²) intravenously. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was administer...

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 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 The Her-2 oncoprotein ......................................................... 4 Figure 1.2 DNA vaccination ..............................

BACKGROUND CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress adaptive T cell-mediated immune responses to self- and foreign-antigens. Tregs may also suppress early innate immune responses to vaccine antigens and might decrease vaccine efficacy. NK and NKT cells are the first responders after plasmid DNA vaccination and are found at the site of inoculation. Earlier reports demonstrated that NKT ...