Pulverized coal boilers, commonly used in the power and heat-generating industries, constitute one of the most important sources of fine particulate matter (PM) emitted to ambient air. The evidence on airborne PM and its public health impact is consistent in showing adverse health effects at exposures currently experienced by urban populations in both developed and developing countries [1]. The...

Fuel feeding and inhomogeneity of fuel typically cause process fluctuations in the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) process. If control systems fail to compensate for the fluctuations, the whole plant will suffer from fluctuations that are reinforced by the closed-loop controls. This phenomenon causes a reduction of efficiency and lifetime of process components. Therefore, domain experts are int...

Despite shortcomings, boiling is the most common means of treating water at home and the benchmark against which emerging point-of-use water treatment approaches are measured. In a 5-month study, we assessed the microbiological effectiveness and cost of the practice among 218 self-reported boilers relying on unprotected water supplies. Boiling was associated with a 99% reduction in geometric me...

Kraft recovery boilers operating today are experiencing higher fouling rates due to increased chloride content within the liquor cycle. It has been shown that excessive chloride content in recovery boiler ash results in increased fouling rates on the boiler’s convective surfaces.(1, 2) Tighter liquor cycles and more efficient precipitator ash collection have resulted in higher chloride content ...

cement production is an energy-intensive process, so that the cement industry occupies a top position among other energy-consuming industries. among the equipment used in cement industries, boilers are one of the energy-consuming equipment. boilers are among the common heating equipment in industrial, commercial, and institutional facilities. in this paper, the performance of thermal oil boiler...

Drum Boilers are an important component of many modern industrial facilities. Generally, the simulation of tailormade Drum Boilers starts up at each steady-state condition inside each operation region. The problem of such systems is the control of parameters, as level and pressure, around a reference value. The design of control algorithms can be accomplished using intelligent techniques such a...

Recommendations for Boilers up to 250 psig Ca 0.40 2.50 Na. 0.46 2.17 CaO. 0.56 1. 79 NaOH. 0.80 1. 25 Ca(HC031. . 1. 62 0.617 Na 2C03 1. 06 0.943 CaSO. 1. 36 0.735 NaHC03 1. 68 0.60 CaCl2 1.11 0.901 Na 2SO•. 1.42 0.704 Mg . 0.24 4.17 NaCI 1.17 0.855 MgO 0.40 2.48 CO2 , 0.44 2.27 MgC03 • 0.84 1.19 C03 0.60 1. 67 Mg(HC03) 2 ' 1. 46 0.685 HC03 1. 22 0.82 MgSO•. 1. 20 0.833 SO•. 0.96 1.04 MgCl2 0....

Many real time processes have complex, uncertain and nonlinear dynamics. Boilers are nonlinear, time varying, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems, whose states generally vary with operating conditions. The major problem in controlling that system is that its drum water pressure and steam flow dynamics include an integrator that results a critically stable behavior. Conventional controller p...

This paper presents considerations for the application of the natural water isotope method on catchment areas. For the estimation of the amount of infiltration and inflow in sewer systems the paper shows two applications in the Netherlands: one successful application on a relatively small catchment area with a simple geo-hydrological groundwater system and one unsuccessful application in an are...

As oil prices have risen dramatically lately, many people explore alternative ways of heating their residences and businesses in order to reduce the respective cost. One of the options usually considered nowadays is biomass, especially in rural areas with significant local biomass availability. This work focuses on comparing two different biomass energy exploitation systems, aiming to provide h...