The non-cooperative two-stage network DEA approach requires the assumption as to whether the first or second stage is the leader or follower. In many real-world situations such as evaluating sustainable design performances, however, information about the leader (dominant) stage is often unavailable as a firm ׳s internal decision process may not be observable for outsiders. In the current study,...

We propose a “debt view” to explain the dominant international role of dollar. Within simple capital-structure model with debt-currency choice, we show that “dominant currency” is one (1) depreciates in global downturns over horizons typical debt maturity and (2) has steepest nominal yield curve. Empirically, dollar fits this description better than other major currencies. The view can dollar-d...

This paper describes the development and implementation of a partitioned-based, multiphysics, multi-fidelity simulation framework for flexible hypersonic vehicles. This simulation framework will enable the study of the dominant physics needed for the generation of control-oriented models and will provide a reference model for flight control evaluation. A partitioned-based solution is employed t...

some persian proverbs concern a problem and how to encounter it. the present paper seeks to examine such proverbs. findings indicate that in the analyzed proverbs, force image schemas have three options. in the first option, a problem is depicted as a barrier that cannot be removed. in these proverbs, there is no recommendation or solution for solving the problem. in the second option, the prob...

In this paper we propose a solution for the identification of the dominant colors in pictures taking into account the way people perceive them. To that end we developed an algorithm based on a reduced palette of 12 colors and on a non-uniform segmentation of the HSV color space using fuzzy membership functions. Experimental results from an evaluation with users, showed that our algorithm based ...