BACKGROUND Dopamine receptor genes are candidates for hypertension susceptibility. Locally released dopamine increases renal sodium excretion, and defective renal dopamine receptor signaling has been shown to play a role in hypertension. Dopamine-4 receptors are expressed in juxtaglomerular and cortical collecting cells, where dopamine activation could alter sodium and water metabolism and affe...

The recommendation of this personal commentary is that dopaminergic sites and states be defined by the rank order of the effective absolute molarities (in vitro) for the principal dopaminergic congeners. This recommendation can serve to define the receptors in both the central nervous system and peripheral tissues and will assist in communicating the following fundamental and controversial issu...

OBJECTIVE Renal dopamine receptor D1 played a critical role in the regulation of body blood pressure. Under hypertension, over-phosphorylation of D1 receptor impaired its function. G protein kinase 4 (GRK4) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) exerted the effect to phosphorylate and de-phosphorylate D1 receptor. A current study revealed that the inhibition of GRK4 cannot normalize the phosphorylat...

Background: Dopamine receptors comprise two subgroups, Gs protein-coupled “D1-like” receptors (D1, D5) and Gicoupled “D2-like” receptors (D2, D3, D4). In airways, both dopamine D1 and D2 receptors are expressed on airway smooth muscle and regulate airway smooth muscle force. However, functional expression of the dopamine D1 receptor has never been identified on airway epithelium. Activation of ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of magnesium as a N-Methyl–D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor Antagnist and bromocriptine as a dopamine receptor agonist on morphine dependence and withdrawal symptoms. In the present study different groups of mice were received morphine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) for four days and on fourth day 1.5 hour after the last morphine administration they received di...

Although D2 dopamine receptors have been localized to olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and dopamine has been shown to modulate voltage-gated ion channels in ORNs, dopaminergic modulation of either odor responses or excitability in mammalian ORNs has not previously been demonstrated. We found that <50 microM dopamine reversibly suppresses odor-induced Ca2+ transients in ORNs. Confocal laser ima...

Increased responsiveness to stress plays an important role in the manifestation of schizophrenia symptoms. Evidence indicates that the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and dopamine neurotransmission in the PFC in particular, is involved in the modulation of stress responsiveness. Decreased dopaminergic activity and loss of dopamine fibres have been reported in PFC in schizophrenia patients. Consequentl...

Dopamine plays an important role in the regulation of renal sodium excretion. The synthesis of dopamine and the presence of dopamine receptor subtypes (D1A, D1B, as D1-like and D2, and D3 as D2-like) have been shown within the kidney. The activation of D1-like receptors located on the proximal tubules causes inhibition of tubular sodium reabsorption by inhibiting Na,H-exchanger and Na,K-ATPase ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of magnesium as a N-Methyl–D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor Antagnist and bromocriptine as a dopamine receptor agonist on morphine dependence and withdrawal symptoms. In the present study different groups of mice were received morphine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) for four days and on fourth day 1.5 hour after the last morphine administration they received di...

CONTEXT Alcohol dependence is a common neuropsychiatric disorder with high heritability. However, genetic association studies on alcohol dependence are often troubled by nonreplication. The use of intermediate phenotypes may help make clear the mode of action of various candidate genes and improve the reproducibility of genetic association studies. OBJECTIVE To test central dopamine receptor ...