PURPOSE Treatment planning for radiation therapy involves trade-offs with respect to different clinical goals. Typically, the dose distribution is evaluated based on few statistics and dose-volume histograms. Particularly for stereotactic treatments, the spatial dose distribution represents further criteria, e.g., when considering the gradient between subregions of volumes of interest. The auth...

Introduction: Brachytherapy is a type of radiotherapy in which radioactive sources are used in proximity of tumors normally for treatment of malignancies in the head, prostate and cervix. Materials and Methods: The Cs-137 Selectron source is a low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy source used in a remote afterloading system for treatment of different cancers. This system uses active and inactive sp...

background: skin cancer can be treated by various methods. electron radiotherapy has been a useful therapeutic modality in the treatment of skin cancers in areas which are difficult to cure by other methods. depth dose distribution of 166ho using varskin2 code is presented in this work. material and methods: depth dose distribution of 166ho was calculated, using varskin2 code by adding of 166ho...

The unit dose system of medication distribution is a pharmacy-coordinated method of dispensing and controlling medications in organized health-care settings. The unit dose system may differ in form, depending on the specific needs of the organization. However, the following distinctive elements are basic to all unit dose systems: medications are contained in single unit packages; they are dispe...

Medication errors are especially likely when health professionals engage in multiple tasks within a short time span. This situation occurs repeatedly in hospitals when pharmacists and technicians load unit-dose carts, and when nurses administer medications. Unit-dose carts are prepared daily, often manually, by technicians and then checked by pharmacists. These carts, containing thousands of pa...

BACKGROUND In food allergy, eliciting doses (EDs) of foods on a population level can improve risk management and labeling strategies for the food industry and regulatory authorities. Previously, data available for walnut were unsuitable to determine EDs. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine EDs for walnut allergic adults and to compare with previously established threshold d...

Background: To determine which radiotherapy parameters are associated with the tumor response of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Thirty one patients with IIIA/IIIB NSCLC underwent chemoradiotherapy with a median dose of 63 Gy. On our actual treatments, we made radiotherapy planning to cover the planning...

Introduction: The objective of this work is to study the ability of MRI normoxic polymer gel dosimetry system to be used to verify the calculated dose distribution, in a simple geometry, in clinical radiotherapy. Materials and Methods:  Initially, 2 liters of the normoxic MAGAT polymer gel was prepared and then poured into two cylindrical Perspex phantom (simu...

Introduction: The gamma index is a known parameter for radiotherapy dose verification. Many free and commercial programs have been written for the calculation of this index. However, the verification of the results has been overlooked in many of the programs. The present study tested the validity of three gamma index calculator programs. Material and ...

Background: We used a MapCHECK software-based dimensional dose distribution comparison method capable of evaluating point-to-point geometrical dose differences in volume to determine whether doses obtained from an enhanced computed tomography (CT)-based treatment plan, which better defines the target regions and organs at risk, differs from doses obtained from plain CT and then evaluated the fe...