other epidemiological characteristics and both lived in an area where hepatitis A is highly endemic. The low prevalence of anti-HAV in patients with thalassaemia is unlikely to be due to a resistance to the infection endowed by the disease, since an increased prevalence of anti-HBs as well as of antibodies to cytomegalovirus and other viruses has been found in such children." Thus regular blood...

BACKGROUND Succinate is an important C4 building block chemical, and its production via fermentative processes in bacteria has many practical applications in the biotechnology field. One of the major goals of optimizing the bacterium-based succinate production process is to lower the culture pH from the current neutral conditions, as this would reduce total production costs. In our previous stu...

A mutant of Escherichia coli unable to metabolize succinate has been used to study the nature of succinate transport in whole cells. It is demonstrated that cells accumulate succinate against a concentration gradient. The uptake of succinate is competitively inhibited by fumarate and malate. The Michaelis constants for the dicarboxylic acids are all in the range of 15 to 30 pM. The accumulation...

A large-scale preparation of the two-subunit protein complex (QPs) that converts succinate dehydrogenase into succinate-ubiquinone reductase from cytochrome 6-c, particles is achieved by a procedure involving Triton X100 solubilization and calcium phosphate column chromatography at different pH values. The isolated two-subunit QPs contains 25 nmol of cytochrome basofmg of protein and is able to...

The kinetics of Na/succinate cotransport across renal brush-borders was studied using membrane vesicles. Initial rates of succinate uptake (Js) were estimated from 1-s uptakes measured under voltage-clamped conditions. Lowering the external (cis) sodium concentration reduced the succinate Kt without affecting the Jsmax. Increasing the intravesicular (trans) sodium concentration reduced both Jsm...

This paper focuses on a bioenergetic mechanism responding to hypoxia. This response involves hypoxia-induced reprogramming of respiratory chain function and switching from oxidation of complex I (NAD-related substrates) to complex II (succinate oxidation). Transient, reversible, compensatory activation of respiratory chain complex II is a major mechanism of urgent adaptation to hypoxia, which i...

A longevity gene called Indy (for 'I'm not dead yet'), with similarity to mammalian genes encoding sodium-dicarboxylate cotransporters, was identified in Drosophila melanogaster. Functional studies in Xenopus oocytes showed that INDY mediates the flux of dicarboxylates and citrate across the plasma membrane, but the specific transport mechanism mediated by INDY was not identified. To test wheth...

An aerobic succinate production system developed by Lin et al. (Metab Eng, in press) is capable of achieving the maximum theoretical succinate yield of 1.0 mol/mol glucose for aerobic conditions. It also exhibits high succinate productivity. This succinate production system is a mutant E. coli strain with five pathways inactivated: DeltasdhAB, Delta(ackA-pta), DeltapoxB, DeltaiclR, and Deltapts...

The effects of digitonin and tocopherol on bovine heart reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotideand succinate-cytochrome c reductases and cytochrome c oxidase have been studied with the following results. 1. Low concentrations of digitonin stimulate succinateand DPNH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome c oxidase. Higher concentrations of digitonin completely inhibit cytochrome c reductases, while...

photodynamic therapy (pdt) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ala)-induced protoporphyrin ix (ppix) has been considered as a new method for treating neoplasms. however, ala-pdt is suboptimal for thick tumors. searching for new approaches, we investigated the effect of adding differentiation therapy (dt) with vitamin e succinate (ves) to pdt in human prostate ln-cap-fgc10 cancer cells in vitro . the...