Normally, sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling induces high levels of Patched 1 (Ptc1) and its associated transcription factor Gli1 with genesis of specific neuronal progeny. But their roles in the neural stem cells (NSCs), including glial precursor cells (GPCs), of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are unclear. Here, we show that Ptc1 and Gli1 are significantly deficits in the hippocampus of an aged AD trans...

PURPOSE NY-ESO-1 (ESO), a tumor-specific antigen of the cancer/testis group, is presently viewed as an important model antigen for the development of generic anticancer vaccines. The ESO(119-143) region is immunodominant following immunization with a recombinant ESO vaccine. In this study, we generated DRB1*0101/ESO(119-143) tetramers and used them to assess CD4 T-cell responses in vaccinated p...

Abstract HLA-DO in human (H2-O mice) (DO) is a highly conserved non-classical MHC class II accessory molecule. Unlike the main Class peptide editor HLA-DM, expression of DO restricted to thymic medulla, B cells and certain dendritic cell subsets. forms stable complex with HLA-DM requires DM for trafficking MIIC. Using biochemical experiments, our lab has previously discovered that differential ...

Stable integration into the mouse genome of exogenous genetic information has become, over the past few years, a very potent approach for different aspects of biology. It is a common feature that the integrated exogenous gene (the transgene) is expressed properly both spatially and temporally. Constructing different lines of transgenic mice carrying various versions of a gene, therefore, permit...

The ability of two HLA-DR-expressing human T cell clones to function as antigen-presenting cells (APC) was investigated using highly purified T cells. The results demonstrated that these T cell clones are unable to act as autonomous APC, and that recognition of nominal or alloantigens on the surface of T cells leads to a state of nonresponsiveness. The first observation was that a T cell clone ...

Background: Ample evidence from clinical and pre-clinical studies suggests mid-life hypercholesterolemia as a risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) at later age. Hypercholesterolemia induced by dietary habits can lead to vascular perturbations that increase the of sporadic AD. Objective: To investigate effects high fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD) AD using rodent model its corresponden...

The most popular animal models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are transgenic mice expressing human genes with known mutations which do not represent the most abundant sporadic form of the disease. An increasing number of genetic, vascular and psychosocial data strongly support that the Octodon degus, a moderate-sized and diurnal precocial rodent, provides a naturalistic model for the study of the ...

In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), large motoneurons degenerate first, causing muscle weakness. Transgenic mouse models with a mutation in the gene encoding enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) revealed that innervating fast-fatigable muscular fibres disconnect very early. The cause of this peripheric disconnection has not yet been established. Early pathological signs were described durin...

A set of laboratory tests was conducted in 2015, at the Central Seed Administration, Ministry Agriculture andForestry, Khartoum, Sudan, with objective to investigate effect late sowing and hydro priming times on some seed vigour attributes five chickpea lines ( DR1-27-5; DR1-44; DR1-109; DR1-114 DR1- 115). Seeds were provided by Hudeiba Research Station, from planting optimum date (November); (...