AIM To assess the safety and feasibility of use of a novel high vacuum chest drainage system (HVCDS) and its influence on the cardiovascular system compared to a conventional system (CCDS). MATERIAL AND METHODS Five anesthetized pigs underwent a median sternotomy. Three drains were placed in retrocardiac, retrosternal and left pleural positions. The animals received a HVCDS (22 Fr with 180 2-...

controlled drainage is one of the strategies to reduce negative environmental effects in conventional drainage systems. this study examines the effect of controlled drainage on quality and quantity of drainage water, specifically amounts of salt and nitrate in drainage water, and nitrate uptake by maize (sc 704) with sandy loam soil texture in karaj. the experiment was performed as a randomized...

Today, the main concepts required for describing the dynamics of drainage in an entire urban area are known and models are available that can reasonably simulate the behaviour of the urban water system. Still, such integrated modelling is a complex exercise not only due to the shear size of the model, but also due to the different modelling approaches that reflect the history of the submodels u...

The practice of urban drainage has been traced back to some of the earliest recorded histories of humankind. The expeditious conveyance of stormwater from urbanized areas was motivated primarily by reasons of convenience and the reduction of ̄ood damage potential. The removal of domestic wastes from households using waterborne conveyances was also found to be convenient. Such practices to improv...

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Tissue defect reconstruction using radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is a common surgical technique whose success or failure is mainly dependent on venous drainage. RFFF has two major venous outflow systems, superficial and deep vein. Drainage methods include combining both systems or using one alone. This review aims to recapitulate the vascular anatomy and network of RFFF as well as shed light ...

BACKGROUND Problems in the management of thoracic trauma have stimulated the search for an alternative to underwater seals for drainage of the pleural cavity. A chest drainage bag incorporating a one way flutter valve has been compared with underwater seal drains in a randomised clinical trial. METHODS During June-December 1989 119 patients undergoing elective thoracotomy were randomised to r...

Large hydraulic structures are of major importance to sustained life-support systems and have an impact on the environment. Dams, reservoirs and open canals are such structures, the impact of which has been duly appreciated and addressed in environmental impact assessments and side-effects amelioration programs. Less obvious, but of vital importance, is the impact of urban drainage systems on h...