The first goal of this modeling exercise was to model the rate of smolt migration and survival of different life history types of chinook salmon through a reservoir in the Snake River. The second goal was to use the model to help understand how physical and behavioral processes control the fish migration and survival. An applied goal is to predict the effects of Snake River Reservoir drawdown o...

We construct mass-balance based estimates of carbon (C) export fractions from the water column across the Chukchi Sea shelf. Export is calculated as the difference between phytoplankton drawdown of dissolved inorganic C (DIC) and the accumulation of autochthonous particulate and dissolved organic C in the water column. Organic carbon (Corg) exports of 450% of DIC drawdown are ubiquitous across ...

How households draw down the balances that they accumulate in retirement saving accounts such as 401(k) plans and Individual Retirement Accounts can have an important effect on the contribution of these accounts to retirement income security. This paper presents evidence on the pattern of withdrawals at different ages. We find a relatively modest rate of withdrawals prior to the age at which ho...

The review aims to provide a common understanding of the use late-time drawdown interpret aquifer pumping tests. first part provides an overview in literature illustrate where and how term is being used. A discussion on practical implications using its significance then presented. shows three main ways: application Cooper Jacob time-drawdown method, description third segment unconfined drawdown...

We examined late-1990s trends in enlisted recruitment, retention, and reenlistment and officer retention in the Air Force compared with the other services to determine whether the Air Force faces personnel issues that differ in type and magnitude from those of the other services. We focused on the late 1990s because it is the period after the defense drawdown was completed and the end of Operat...

We study perpetual American option pricing problems in an extension of the BlackMerton-Scholes model in which the dividend and volatility rates of the underlying risky asset depend on the running values of its maximum and maximum drawdown. The optimal exercise times are shown to be the first times at which the underlying asset hits certain boundaries depending on the running values of the assoc...

In 1993, large quantities of ammunition were moved through a number of commercial ports in the UK following the implementation of various military drawdown programs. These movements were subject to the normal statutory controls governing the handling of explosives in the UK, and the drawdown programs for the year were completed without incident. The statutory controls have been designed both to...

We undertake a comparative examination of Islamic equity markets and their conventional counterparts during the COVID-19 pandemic via maximum drawdown-based risk measures. The two-digit drawdown throughout underlying sectors signifies indiscriminate impact pandemic. It appears that most experience relatively lower as well faster recovery than non-Islamic counterparts. During period, outperforme...

Theoretical hydropower operation rules are derived and discussed for reservoirs in parallel, in series, and single reservoirs for cases where reservoirs typically refill before they empty and for parallel reservoirs when reservoirs are expected to draw down to empty. These hydropower rules offer a simplified economic basis for allocating storage and energy in multireservoir hydropower systems. ...