background: iran is an arid country and has serious limitations in terms of water recourses. in arid and semi-arid regions this problem is more severe. industry is one of the primary water consumers in the country and appropriate determination of industry water demand is on the most important priorities that should be considered to save water consumption as well as determining the industry wate...

Water is essential in our life. has been proven to be for the smooth functioning of tissues, cells and organs human body.Water maintains body temperature, helps absorb nutrients, moistening oxygen breathing. Without water cannot function properly.Water one most abundant resources on planet, it’s estimated that over 71% Earth filled with water. Amongst only 1.2% said drinkable or clean enough co...

abstract in order to optimize the water management in agriculture in semi arid and arid conditions water-salinity function should be evaluated. in order to evaluate salinity and deficit irrigation two experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009. kochia was grown with six levels of saline water (1.5, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 ds/m) and three levels of applied water (25, 75, and 125 percent of the wa...

Accurate forecasts of water demand are required for real-time control of water supply systems under normal and abnormal conditions. A methodology is presented for quantifying, diagnosing and reducing model structural and predictive errors for the development of short term water demand forecasting models. The methodology (re-)emphasises the importance of posterior predictive checks of modelling ...

The combined sewer system of the City of Prague, similar to other relevant locations, is strongly affected by infiltrating waters. The knowledge of their volume is one of the important parameters with respect to sewer system operation, maintenance and reconstruction. The methodology is based on the variation of diurnal chemical oxygen demand (COD) load and continuous water quality monitoring us...

Solar desalination is a promising method for producing drinkable water, but salt accumulation on the evaporator surface leads to reduced light absorption. This study presents nature-inspired self-driven salt-resistant material (NI-SRM) salt-free solar system. The introduced has great porosity generate desirable capillary force lift up water surface, which can function as pumping channels. conce...

recipitation shortage and the consequent loss of several water resources, as well as the population growth, are the most important problems in arid and semi-arid regions like Iran. The providence of basic tools for optimal water resources management is considered as one of the main solutions to this problem. Since the agricultural sector is the main user of water resources, the present study pr...

This study investigates the water demand of Indian manufacturing plants. It adopts an input distance function approach and approximates it by a translog form. Duality between cost function and input distance function is exploited to retrieve information concerning substitutability and the shadow price of water. The model is estimated, using linear programming approach, on a sample of 92 firms o...

The increasing demands on drinkable water, along with population growth, water-intensive agriculture and economic development, pose critical challenges to water sustainability. New techniques to long-term water conservation that incorporate principles of sustainability are expected. Recent studies have shown that providing customers with usage information of fixtures could help them save a cons...

Given the strategic remarkable rank of pistachio in non-oil exports, inputs’ management in its production is so important. As the scarcest input in agricultural sector, water is considered to be among the most important inputs of pistachio production.Water inadequate supply and limate conditions increase water demand in pistachio growing areas. It is necessary to determine the real value or pri...