The integrated solutions (ABEC, area between baseline and effect curve) of four basic models of indirect pharmacodynamic responses are developed. These models assume that drug can inhibit or stimulate the production or loss of the response variable. For two models (I and III) with monoexponential drug disposition, explicit formulas for the ABEC were obtained, where ABEC is a function of ln (1 +...

Disposition characteristics of various anticancer drugs in a tissue-isolated tumor preparation were studied in Walker 256 carcinosarcoma-bearing rats using an in situ single-pass vascular perfusion technique. Three anticancer drugs, 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin C, and Adriamycin, and two lipophilic prodrugs of mitomycin C were tested in the tumor preparation perfused with Tyrode's solution contain...

Heart failure represents the composite endpoint of various cardiovascular disorders. Advanced pharmacotherapy resulted in significant improvement of overall survival, however with highly variable outcome, possibly due to genetic modification of drug disposition and action. This review highlights the role of genetic polymorphisms in systems responsible for disposition of drugs, used in heart fai...

Cumulative studies describe the importance of drug transporters as one of the key determinants of pharmacokinetics that necessitate investigation and assessment of the involvement of drug transporters in drug discovery and development. The present study investigated an integrated in vivo and in vitro approach to determine the involvement of organic anion transporting polypeptides (Oatps) in the...

introduction: suicidal ideation is an emergent problem in the emergency department (ed) that often complicates patient disposition and discharge. it has been shown that ketamine possesses fast acting antidepressant and anti-suicidal effects. this study was conducted to examine the effects of a single intravenous bolus of ketamine on patients with suicidal ideations in ed. methods: forty-nine su...

The blood-testis barrier (BTB) prevents the entry of many drugs into seminiferous tubules, which can be beneficial for therapy not intended for the testis but may decrease drug efficacy for medications requiring entry to the testis. Previous data have shown that some of the transporters in the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) family (ABCC) are expressed in the testis. By determinin...