Once discovered and established as therapeutic agent, the drug substance is used for pharmacotherapy of various diseases. The drug substance itself has unique properties, which in certain cases do not allow for effective therapy. This is the area, where pharmaceutical technology allows to improve drug substance original characteristics by optimization of pharmaceutical formulation. The latter i...

OBJECTIVE The authors investigated whether the transition from licit drug use to marijuana use is determined by particular risk factors, as specified by the gateway hypothesis. They also evaluated the accuracy of the "gateway sequence" (illicit drug use following licit drugs) for predicting a diagnosis of substance use disorder. METHOD Boys who consumed licit drugs only (N=99), boys who consu...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between age, substance use, and outcomes in fee-for-service Medicare enrollees with advanced prostate cancer. METHODS Retrospective longitudinal cohort study of elderly men diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer using SEER-Medicare data between 2000 and 2009. Substance use disorder was identified using claims for alcoholic psychosis, drug psychoses, alcoh...

Objective: Personality is the most important infrastructure factor in addiction, and substance abusers have certain personal weaknesses that make them vulnerable to addiction. This study examined the role of sensation-seeking and coping strategies in predicting drug addiction in high school students.  Methods: This study is a descriptive–correlational research. Multi-stage cluster sampling w...

there is an increased prevalence of maternal substance abuse during pregnancy in younger women in all socioeconomic classes and races. our aim was to determine the prevalence and correlates of self-reported substance abuse among pregnant women and obstetric complications or neonatal outcomes in iran. this retrospective cohort study is covering a five year period on medical records of pregnant w...

264 The fact that alcohol is an addictive drug has been known to man for millennia. Alcohol abuse/dependence is the most common substance-related disorder. A drug can be defined as a substance that produces tolerance (increasingly large amounts are needed to produce the same effect) and withdrawal (psychological and physical distress develop after substance use ceases). The addicted person suff...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of four treatment modalities for substance abuse. DATA SOURCES The study used data from the Services Research Outcomes Study (SROS), a survey of 3,047 clients in a random sample of 99 drug treatment facilities across the United States. Detailed sociodemographic, substance use, and clinical data were abstracted from treatment records...

religion is one of the protective factors that facilities positive outcomes by preventing individuals from engaging in addictive substance. a recent study has confirmed that religion inhibits drug addiction. the concept of psychospiritual therapy was to introduce drug addiction. therefore, of the various methods of psychotherapy, the usage of taqwa (piety) emerged as an applicable method of isl...

BACKGROUND Illicit substance use and abuse may be an important contributor to behavioral health problems of lesbian and bisexual women. This paper describes the nature and extent of self-reported illicit and licit drug use, associated severity, and substance use-related helpseeking behaviors in an urban/metropolitan community sample of sexual minority women in California. METHODS Self-adminis...

Primary care physicians encounter many patients with primary and secondary anxiety and substance use problems. Some patients have a dual diagnosis of both an anxiety and a substance use disorder. Symptoms may be overdiagnosed, underdiagnosed, and misdiagnosed. This article provides the primary care physician with an overview of the relation between psychoactive substance use disorders and anxie...