Recent developments in the understanding of N = 2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions suggest a new point of view about Donaldson theory of four manifolds: instead of defining four-manifold invariants by counting SU(2) instantons, one can define equivalent four-manifold invariants by counting solutions of a non-linear equation with an abelian gauge group. This is a “dual” equati...

We investigate the dual superconductor mechanism of confinement for pure SU(2) lattice gauge theory in the maximally abelian gauge. We focus on the the dual Meissner effect. We find that the transverse distribution of the longitudinal chromoelectric field due to a static quark-antiquark pair satisfies the dual London equation. Moreover we show that the size of the flux tube scales according to ...

We propose a build-up interior-point method for solving an m equation n variable linear program which has the same convergence properties as its well known analogue Dikin's algorithm in dual aane form but may require less computational eeort. It diiers from Dikin's algorithm in that the ellipsoid chosen to generate the improving direction in dual space is constructed from only a subset of the d...

ABSTRACT Since the lightcone self dual spherical membrane, moving in flat target backgrounds, has a direct correspondence with the SU(∞) Nahm equations and the continuous Toda theory, we construct the quantum/Moyal deformations of the self dual membrane in terms of the q-Moyal star product . The q deformations of the SU(∞) Nahm equations are studied and explicit solutions are given. The continu...

The main purpose of this paper is to solve an inverse random differential equation problem using evolutionary algorithms. Particle Swarm Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm are two algorithms that are used in this paper. In this paper, we solve the inverse problem by solving the inverse random differential equation using Crank-Nicholson's method. Then, using the particle swarm optimization algorith...

‎In this paper we consider the minimization of a positive semidefinite quadratic form‎, ‎having a singular corresponding matrix $H$‎. ‎We state the dual formulation of the original problem and treat both problems only using the vectors $x in mathcal{N}(H)^perp$ instead of the classical approach of convex optimization techniques such as the null space method‎. ‎Given this approach and based on t...

A new class of discrete dynamical systems is introduced via a duality relation for discrete dynamical systems with a number of explicitly known integrals. The dual equation can be defined via the difference of an arbitrary linear combination of integrals and its upshifted version. We give an example of an integrable mapping with two parameters and four integrals leading to a (four-dimensional) ...

Based upon an external approximation scheme for the underlying Banach space, a nonlinear operator equation is approximated by a sequence of coercive problems. The equation is supposed to be governed by the sum of two nonlinear operators acting between a reflexive Banach space and its dual. Under suitable stability assumptions and if the underlying operators can be approximated consistently, wea...

We construct a generalization of the two-dimensional Wess-Zumino-Witten model on a 2n-dimensional Kähler manifold as a group-valued non-linear sigma model with an anomaly term containing the Kähler form. The model is shown to have an infinitedimensional symmetry which generates an n-toroidal Lie algebra. The classical equation of motion turns out to be the Donaldson-Uhlenbeck-Yau equation, whic...