In 1995, combined Medicare and Medicaid spending in the last year of life for dually eligible beneficiaries was more than $40,000 per beneficiary. Medicaid's share, primarily for long-term care (LTC), constituted about 40 percent of the total. Beneficiaries under age 65, Black persons, and individuals who died in a hospital had higher than average expenditures. The vast majority (86 percent) re...

Using Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) claims files for 1999 and 2001, the authors describe patterns of prescription drug use and expenditures among dually eligible Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries for all Medicaid full dually eligible beneficiaries and three important subgroups: (1) aged, (2) disabled, and (3) full-year nursing home residents. The analyses indicate great variation in use and...

In this paper we will generalize the representation theory developed for nite Tarski algebras given in [7]. We will introduce the notion of Tarski space as a generalization of the notion of dense Tarski set, and we will prove that the category of Tarski algebras with semi-homomorphisms is dually equivalent to the category of Tarski spaces with certain closed relations, called T -relations. By t...

Given a topological property (or a class) P, the class P∗ dual to P (with respect to neighbourhood assignments) consists of spaces X such that for any neighbourhood assignment {Ox : x ∈ X} there is Y ⊂ X with Y ∈ P and S {Ox : x ∈ Y } = X. The spaces from P∗ are called dually P. We continue the study of this duality which constitutes a development of an idea of E. van Douwen used to define D-sp...

It is shown that in an infinite-dimensional dually separated second category topological vector space X there does not exist a probability measure μ for which the kernel coincides with X. Moreover, we show that in “good” cases the kernel has the full measure if and only if it is finitedimensional. Also, the problem posed by S. Chevet [5, p. 69] is solved by proving that the annihilator of the k...

Analysis of linked Medicare/Medicaid data files from four New England States (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire) confirm that dually eligible beneficiaries used a disproportionate amount of both Medicare and Medicaid resources in 1995, driven largely by the significant subset of the population that used institutional long-term care (LTC). If States and the Federal Government ...

Locally flat Finsler metrics arise from information geometry. Some speciel locally dually flat Finsler metrics had been studied in Cheng et al. [3] and Xia [4] respectively. As we konw, a new class of Finsler metrics called general (α, β)-metrics are introduced, which are defined by a Riemannian metrics α and 1-form β. These metrics generalize (α, β)-metrics naturally. In this paper, we give a ...

A divergence function defines a Riemannian metric g and dually coupled affine connections ∇ and ∇∗ with respect to it in a manifold M . When M is dually flat, that is flat with respect to ∇ and ∇∗, a canonical divergence is known, which is uniquely determined from (M, g,∇,∇∗). We propose a natural definition of a canonical divergence for a general, not necessarily flat, M by using the geodesic ...

One of most famous theorems in computational geometry is the duality between Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangulation in Euclidean space. This paper proposes an extension of that theorem to the Voronoi diagram and Delaunay-type triangulation in dually at space. In that space, the Voronoi diagram and the triangulation can be computed e ciently by using potential functions. We also propose high...

We address two properties for Abelian topological groups: “every closed subgroup is dually closed” and “every closed subgroup is dually embedded.” We exhibit a pair of topological groups such that each has both of the properties and the product has neither, which refutes a remark of N. Noble. These examples are the additive group of integers topologized with respect to a convergent sequence as ...