BACKGROUND AND AIM: Identifying the factors affecting utilization of dental services is one of the best ways to improve the health status. This study aimed to investigate the effective factors on utilization of dental services.METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 1185 household heads were selected randomly, and using a researcher-made questionnaire based on World Health Organization (WHO) Gl...

A recent publication proposed a framework for evaluating complex policies and complex situations grounded in the interaction of four elements – simplicity, inventiveness, flexibility, and specificity. In a foreword, Elliott Stern commented on the legacy of a systems approach based on the work of influential thinkers (Ludwig von Bertalanffy, James Miller, Fred Emery, Eric Trist, Stafford Beer, R...

W hy is income per capita higher in some societies and much lower in others? Answers to this perennial question have evolved over time. Decades ago, the emphasis was on the accumulation of factors of production and exogenous technological progress. Later, the focus switched to policies and incentives endogenously affecting factor accumulation and innovation. More recently, the attention has mov...

When I wrote the first version of this chapter many years ago, household archaeology was essentially in its infancy and feminist archaeology was but a faint hope in the hearts of some of us. Happily both fields have expanded substantially in the ensuing decades. The chapter must be understood in its historical context, as having been written when the first ofthe fields was just beginning to flo...

Unobserved population heterogeneity and its impact on life-table estimates motivated the introduction of frailty models three decades ago. The concept of latent individual differences repeatedly proved useful in applications and led to important insights, in demography and beyond. This talk reviews the influence that the seminal paper by Vaupel et al. had on demographic research in general and ...

The radio spectrum is a limited resource shared by various types of services, for some of which the allocation of frequencies was decided several decades ago. Since, then, a drastic progress has been accomplished in technology. As a consequence, a much more efficient use of the frequency spectrum can be contemplated. SDR techniques seem to have considerable potential in solving today’s disarray...

The patient in the case presented had successfully used a maxillary overdenture for more than three decades. However, the time had come for the prosthetic appliance to be replaced. This case, which involved the use of a titanium understructure that was designed and fabricated using CAD/CAM technology, illustrates how far dentistry has come since the patient first presented to the clinician some...

Organic dendrimers are highly regular and branched polymers that assume a globular shape in solution with dimensions of some nanometers. Since its discovery more than two decades ago, dendrimers have become a very important building block in supramolecular chemistry and nanoscience. The set of potential applications for these molecules encompass a variety of areas, namely, biology (as mimetic s...

Electromagnetic topology was introduced a few decades ago in order to bring some rules in analysing EMC of very large systems through a fluence graph of electromagnetic interactions. Establishing these graphs was made possible from application of the so-called "good shielding approximation". At cable or track level, such a procedure is investigated in this paper. Other approximations are introd...

Obviously one can always do more and more clinical studies and, with each well done study, advance our knowledge. Even today we are still learning new things about vaccines licensed decades ago. It is important, however, for the judgment to be made at some point that the product is ready for licensure and to weigh the benefits of delay in gaining new data against the risks to those who are depr...