BACKGROUND After several years of treatment, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) tend to have, as a side effect of the medication, dyskinesias. Close monitoring may benefit patients by enabling doctors to tailor a personalised medication regimen. Moreover, dyskinesia monitoring can help neurologists make more informed decisions in patient's care. OBJECTIVE To design and validate an algorit...

BACKGROUND Tardive dyskinesia is a disorder characterized by involuntary muscle movements that occur as a complication of long-term treatment with antipsychotic drugs. It has been suggested to be related to a malfunctioning of the indirect pathway of the motor part of the cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuit, which may be caused by oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity. METHODS The pu...

OBJECTIVES Parkinson's Disease patients wore a device on the wrist that gave reminders to take levodopa and also measured bradykinesia and dyskinesia. Consumption of medications was acknowledged by placing the thumb on the device. Some patients performed this acknowledgement repeatedly and unconsciously. This study examines whether this behaviour reflected increased impulsivity. METHODS AND R...

Involuntary movements (dyskinesia) are a common symptom of dopamine-replacement therapy in parkinsonian patients, neuroleptic drug treatment of mental patients, and tic disorders. Levodopa-induced dyskinesia has been shown to be associated with substantial reduction of firing rate in the internal part of the globus pallidus. This study characterizes the changes that occur in the activity of the...

OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to investigate the rate (incidence) of tardive dyskinesia in elderly patients beginning treatment with antipsychotic medication and to identify risk factors for development of tardive dyskinesia in this age group. METHOD A group of 261 neuroleptic-naive patients aged 55 or above were identified at the time they were starting antipsychotic drug treatme...

Diabetes Increases the Incidence of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease; A Case-Control Study

Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric disorder that affects 1% of population worldwide. Neuroleptics are the major class of drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Neuroleptics are associated with wide variety of extrapyramidal side effects such as akathesia, dystonia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia. tardive dyskinesia is a complex hyperkinetic sy...

Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric disorder that affects 1% of population worldwide. Neuroleptics are the major class of drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Neuroleptics are associated with wide variety of extrapyramidal side effects such as akathesia, dystonia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia. tardive dyskinesia is a complex hyperkinetic sy...

OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence and persistence of tardive dyskinesia between patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (ICD-10 and/or DSM-IV) who were treated with second-generation antipsychotics and first-generation antipsychotics in routine clinical practice. METHOD The European Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (SOHO) study is a 3-year, prospective, observational study. Each countr...

Objective We aim to report and evaluate the associations between serum sodium and chloride and dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease. One hundred and two patients with Parkinson's disease were enrolled in this study. Methods Patients' serum electrolytes including sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride were measured. Other demographic information was collected, and Unifi...