In this contribution, further evidence of the importance of multiphonon-octupole excitations to describe experimental data in the rare earths and actinides will be presented. First, new results of a (p, t) experiment at the Q3D magnetic spectrograph in Munich will be discussed, which was performed to selectively excite J = 0 states in 240Pu. spd f interacting boson model (IBM) calculations sugg...

This paper reviews the current knowledge on rare earths (REs) implanted into GaN with a special focus on their lattice location and on the optical activation by means of thermal annealing. While emission channeling experiments have given information on the lattice location of rare earths following low-dose (≈10 cm) implantation, both in the asimplanted state and after annealing up to 900°C, the...

aving considered the Earth’s formation in the last chapter, let’s now use the tools of geochemistry we acquired in the first eight chapters to consider how the Earth works. The Earth, unlike many of its neighbors, has evolved over its long history and it remains geologically active. Four and a half billion years later, it is very different place than it was first formed. Certainly one of the ma...

Teleseismic converted phases are used to probe the composition of the downgoing oceanic crust as a function of depth along the Cocos slab in central and southern Mexico. Previously, modeling of the receiver function (RF) conversion amplitude of the flat Cocos slab beneath central Mexico at 45 km depth revealed a thin low-velocity upper oceanic crust of a thickness of 471 km, which has much lowe...

[1] One process for the formation of continental crust is the accretion of arc terranes at continental margins. A longstanding problem with this model is that although the composition of the continental crust is andesitic, the majority of arc lavas are basaltic. Moreover, those arc lavas that are andesitic tend to be evolved (lower Mg #) compared to the continental crust. Continental crust can ...

Intermediate-period Rayleigh and Love waves propagating across Tibet require marked radial anisotropy within the mid-lower crust, consistent with a thinning of it. The anisotropy is largest in the western part of the plateau where the moment tensors of earthquakes indicate active crustal thinning. A preferred orientation of mica crystals resulting from the crustal thinning can account for the o...